Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of a 2,4,6-triiodinated or 2,4,6,2',4',6'-hexaiodinated 3,5-disubstituted-aniline or 3,3'-disubstituted-5,5'-linked bisaniline, which process comprises electrochemically iodinating a 3,5-disubstituted-aniline or a 3,3'-disubstituted-5,5'-linked bisaniline in an acidic solvent which comprises water and optionally at least one water-miscible organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of a persistent .pi.-system free radical for the manufacture of a contrast medium for use in magnetic resonance imaging, wherein the electron delocalising .pi.-system of said radical comprises at least one homo or heterocyclic ring, said radical being other than the chloranil semiquinone anion radical or a trityl radical. Also provided are magnetic resonance imaging contrast media containing and methods using such radicals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modification of electron spin resonance enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (ESREMRI) in which two magnetically responsive materials (contrast agents) are introduced into the sample being investigated, one contrast agent serving as an ESREMRI free induction decay signal enhancing agent and the other as enhancement suppressing agent. In this way, image contrast may be enhanced further for regions in which the suppressing agent distributes poorly or not at all or which the suppressing agent reaches at a later time than the enhancing agent.

Abstract: Method for controlling perspiration, and kit for carrying out that method. The method involves the separate, sequential application of an AlCl.sub.3 -- or ZrCl.sub.4 -- containing antiperspirant composition and a physiologically tolerable basic buffer-containing composition. The kit involves separate applicators for applying the AlCl.sub.3 -- or ZrCl.sub.4 -- containing antiperspirant, and the buffer. Separate, successive application of the antiperspirant and the buffer prevents skin irritation or damage to the user's clothes attributable to acid formed from the antiperspirant, and provides antiperspirant activity which is equal or superior to previously known AlCl.sub.3 -- or ZrCl.sub.4 -- antiperspirants.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the content of an element having an atomic number higher than 47, in a sample volume, in particular for determining the concentration of an X-ray contrast agent in vivo, employs a radiation source for such excitation of the element in the sample volume with collimated radiation that the element emits its characteristic X-ray radiation. An NaI(T1) scintillation detector is directed towards the sample volume for receiving X-ray radiation therefrom at an angle of from 90.degree. to 135.degree. in relation to the excitation radiation. Both the energy of Copton-scattered photons in the sample and the difference between this energy and 28.5 KeV must be clearly distinguished from the characteristic energy of the element concerned.