Abstract: In connection with a user interface for a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive, a driver is able to select whether the hybrid drive is operated in an operating mode which consumes charge, or in an operating mode which retains charge. The user interface is configured to display the charge state of the energy store on a display, and to receive or calculate a charge state variable which is characteristic of the charge state. The charge state variable may be displayed with a first range of values in a first display area during operation of the hybrid drive in the charge-consuming operating mode. The charge state variable may be displayed with a second range of values, which is a subset of the first range of values, in a second display area during operation of the hybrid drive in the charge-retaining operating mode. The second display area is larger than a subrange of the first display area in which the second range of values is displayed.

Abstract: In connection with a user interface for a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive, a driver is able to select whether the hybrid drive is operated in an operating mode which consumes charge, or in an operating mode which retains charge. The user interface is configured to display the charge state of the energy store on a display, and to receive or calculate a charge state variable which is characteristic of the charge state. The charge state variable may be displayed with a first range of values in a first display area during operation of the hybrid drive in the charge-consuming operating mode. The charge state variable may be displayed with a second range of values, which is a subset of the first range of values, in a second display area during operation of the hybrid drive in the charge-retaining operating mode. The second display area is larger than a subrange of the first display area in which the second range of values is displayed.

Abstract: An operating device for a motor vehicle having a driving mode and a stationary mode includes an operating part, by which an operating process can be executed for a communication device, and a control device coupled to the operating part. The control device is designed to provide the driver of the motor vehicle with a first selection of operating options for the communication device in the stationary mode and a second selection of operating options for the communication device in the driving mode. The operating options of the second selection are chosen according to the degree of automation of the driving mode.

Abstract: A method is provided for switching a drive of a hybrid vehicle from one operating mode to another operating mode. The drive includes an internal-combustion engine, at least one propulsion-generating electric machine and a transmission. The transmission can be shifted by a selecting device to be actuated by a driver into different operating states. The operating modes are distinguishable according to the ratio of drive power generated by the electric motor to the drive power generated by the internal-combustion engine. The drive is controlled by a drive control unit as a function of a drive prompt specified by the driver by an accelerator element and the selecting device, and according to different drive state and/or vehicle parameters. The drive is switchable from one operating mode to another operating mode by actuating the selecting device.

Abstract: A method is provided for switching a drive of a hybrid vehicle from one operating mode to another operating mode. The drive includes an internal-combustion engine, at least one propulsion-generating electric machine and a transmission. The transmission can be shifted by a selecting device to be actuated by a driver into different operating states. The operating modes are distinguishable according to the ratio of drive power generated by the electric motor to the drive power generated by the internal-combustion engine. The drive is controlled by a drive control unit as a function of a drive prompt specified by the driver by an accelerator element and the selecting device, and according to different drive state and/or vehicle parameters. The drive is switchable from one operating mode to another operating mode by actuating the selecting device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a descaling device which can be operated in an optimal manner with respect to the efficiency, descaling quality, energy and water consumption and is readily available. The aim of the invention is achieved such that the spray nozzles (12), which are instrumental in descaling the steel material (2) in the descaling device (8), are designed as static nozzles and as dynamic or rotating nozzles. The static nozzles form, together with the spray bars, pairs of spray bars (13) and the dynamic or rotating nozzles form, together with spray units, rows of pairs of spray units (23).

Abstract: A method for coiling thin metal strip, especially hot-rolled or cold-rolled thin steel strip, on a coiler mandrel which is adjusted in diameter. At the beginning, the inner windings of the coil are coiled on the adjusted coiler mandrel diameter and, after the final winding of the coil, the coiler mandrel is pulled out or the coil is taken off. At least the first inner winding is joined over a large area with the second inner winding by introducing adhesives, fillers, pieces of metal, bonding agents, or the like into an angular space between the inner windings.

Abstract: A device for coiling thin metal strip, especially hot-rolled or cold-rolled thin steel strip, includes a drivable coiler mandrel which can be adjusted in diameter by expandable segments and can be adjusted to a coil inside diameter and to a diameter for detaching the finished coil. The device further includes an expansion adapter which can be inserted into the open eye of the coil and is mounted on a holder with a guide.

Abstract: A method for coiling thin metal strip (1), especially hot-rolled or cold-rolled thin steel strip, on a coiler mandrel (3a) which is adjusted in diameter. At the beginning, the inner windings (12) of the coil are coiled on the adjusted coiler mandrel diameter, and, after the final winding of the coil (11), the coiler mandrel (3a) is pulled out, or the coil (11) is taken off. One or more profile grooves (17) are pressed into one inner winding or into several adjacent inner windings (12) on the circumference during rotation of the coil.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for expanding the use of a coiling and uncoiling station (coilbox) located between the roughing train and the finishing train for rolled strip material in hot-rolling mills. The use of said coilbox is expanded by impinging the coil that is to be uncoiled with a pressing force (F) which acts in the direction of the roller table (4) and/or placing the coil in a depression of the roller table in order to process smaller coil weights in a spikeless coilbox, and/or by combining, in a chronological and weight-related manner, the active transfer and passive transfer of a coil from a first coiling station to a second coiling station in order to increase the throughput especially at average coil weights in a spikeless coilbox, and/or by supplying heat to the strip upstream or downstream of the spikeless coilbox and/or thermally insulating the strip or the coilbox in order to variably increase and homogenize the strip temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coiler device for a rolled strip comprising at least one driven troughed roller (1) for rotating a coil (2) during the coiling and uncoiling of a rolled strip, in addition to a roller line located upstream or downstream of the coil. According to the invention, the troughed roller (1) is configured with an elastically deformable outer collar (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to crank scissors, especially for cutting rolling strips (22), comprising two pairs of blades (3, 4) which can be secured to blade carriers (1, 2). The blade carriers (1, 2) are arranged in an opposite position on a vertical plane (x-x) in a pair of eccentric drive shafts (5, 6). Double-joint arrangements (9, 10) are maintained in a pivoatable manner on torque-supporting levers (7, 8) co-operating with hydraulic control units (11, 12) engaging thereon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plurality of methods and devices which are used to wind a thin metal strip (1), especially a hot rolled or cold rolled thin steel strip, onto a winding mandrel (3a), the diameter thereof being adjusted. To begin with, the coil en inner windings (12,18) are wound onto the adjusted diameter of the winding mandrel, and after the coil (11) has been wound, the winding mandrel (3a) is removed or the coil (11) taken off. According to a first method, in order to prevent individual windings (12,18) from detaching themselves in the eye of the coil (15) due to stiffening of windings, at least one profiled rise or profiled cavity is pressed into one inner winding or a plurality of adjacent inner windings (12,18) on the circumference during rotation of the coil.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to develop a hot rolling unit, comprising at least one continuous casting unit (1) with a post-arranged furnace (4), followed by a roughing stand (5) and, over a strip edge guide, a soaking furnace (15) and finishing train, such that downtime is reduced to a minimum level and even during said downtime, as well as in planned cases of withdrawal of pre-strip material, the pre-strip (14), behind the roughing stand in the soaking furnace, can be separated off from the normal rolling cycle.

Abstract: A coiling system for thin steel strip which avoids problems of thin steel strip winding on its pinch rolls and assures that the strip is guided towards the predetermined coiling roll, thus decreasing operational delays and increasing productivity of a thin gage hot rolling steel strip mill. The system comprises a flap guide positionable in at least two positions, a first position contacting a pinch roll during the initial threading period of each strip to be coiled, and a second normal operating position without contact with said pinch roll when the strip is being wound in said predetermined coiler. The flap guide may also be used in multiple coiler rolls systems and may be adapted for automatic operation.

Abstract: The injection device has a nozzle body with a needle valve controlled by id. At the front end of the nozzle body there are, in the case of a single hole nozzle, one injection channel and in the case of a multi-hole nozzle, several injection channels which may be at any angle to each other. In the narrowest cross section of the injection channel suction slots lead into the combustion chamber. Air is drawn in from the combustion chamber by the jet of fuel leaving the injection channel. This air mixes with the fuel in the narrowest cross section of the injection channel so that, at the base of the injection jet, there is a two-phase flow having particularly favorable properties for the subsequent mixture formation.

Abstract: In the ignition and starting phase of a high pressure combustion chamber device enables the flow velocity in the combustion pipe of the combustion chamber (21) to be reduced by the blocking air injected in counterflow through a slot nozzle in the narrowest cross section at the combustion chamber outlet (17) to such an extent that it is less than the flame propagation velocity. Owing to the fact that an adjustable throttle aperture (18) is fitted in the starting air line (16), during the starting process the pressure of the air jet issuing from the combustion chamber (21) is always less than the blocking air flow.

Abstract: According to the method in the two-fuel system, using diesel and alcohol l, the alcohol fuel is continuously supplied with a fuel pump and the diesel fuel is discontinuously supplied with an injection pump by way of separate lines of an injection apparatus. An apparatus, which is suitable for carrying out the method, has a nozzle body (10) with the fluid-controlled needle valves (17; 18a; 18b) which are operated after the opening pressure p.sub.o, which is adjusted at the pressure springs (19; 20a; 20b), is reached by the diesel fuel conveyed through the ring conduit (12) and the pressure channels (13; 14a; 14b), in which case the opening pressure p.sub.o for the needle valve (17) is constantly adjusted to a lower value in respect of the satellite needle valves (18a; 18b).

Abstract: The injection device has a nozzle body (10) wherein the liquid-controlled edle valves (17; 18) are opened by the diesel fuel supplied by an injection pump via the annular line (12) and the pressure channels (13; 14) when the opening pressure p.sub.o, which is set at the pressure springs (19; 20) by way of the pressure adjusting discs (21; 22), is reached. In this connection the two needle valves (17; 18) can be opened and closed at different times within certain limits so that at a relatively low opening pressure p.sub.o for the needle valve (17) relative to the needle valve (18) the diesel fuel issuing through the spray aperture (24) into the combustion chamber (25) serves during the entire injection period as ignition jet for the alcohol fuel issuing from one or more spray apertures (29).