Abstract: A hydraulic manipulator having an ergonomic handle and good transmission behavior. There is an input drive element of the manipulator which is a hydraulic pump with two conveyance directions. The input drive movement is introduced on the drive shaft of the hydraulic pump as a rotary movement. This device is used in hydraulic manipulators with an input drive element for introducing an input drive movement into a closed hydraulic circuit and a control element for an output drive movement from the hydraulic circuit.

Abstract: Backlash or play is avoided in a mechanical, self-adjusting gear drive having two sets of gears arranged in parallel to each other by one or more torsion springs effective between a driving shaft and a driven shaft. The gear sets form a closed gear train which contains the prestressed torsion spring (12) at any suitable point. After adjustment of the prestressing, the spring or springs eliminate any backlash throughout the whole gear train.

Abstract: An electromagnetic adjustment device for performing mechanical rotational movements has two electromagnetically excitable pole pieces arranged opposite each other to form an opening partially surrounded by concave circular surfaces of the pole pieces. A rotary anchor of permanent magnetic material is rotatably supported in the opening. The anchor has two opposite circular surface sections and two opposite flat surface sections. The flat surface sections face the concave circular surfaces of the pole pieces when the rotary anchor is in a position signifying a center of its operational range. The radius of the concave circular surfaces is slightly larger than the radius of the circular surface sections of the rotary anchor forming north and south poles so that four air gaps are formed between the concave circular surfaces of the pole pieces and the circular surface sections of the rotary anchor.

Abstract: A rotary mirror for an optical system has a mirror section with first and cond edges and a bearing connecting to each edge. A reinforcing rib and a slot extend alongside at least the first and second edges, and preferably at a right angle to a rotational axis of the two bearings. Each rib may extend on one or the other side of the respective slot or the slot may extend within the respective reinforcing rib. In all embodiments the slot rib combination decouples the mirror section from any misalignment of the bearings to prevent introducing distortions into the mirror section.