Abstract: A measuring system for measuring current values pertaining to an alternating current flowing through a conductor and for correcting the measured current values regarding capacitive interference injection, includes a Rogowski coil configured inducing a voltage by way of alternating current, a signal processing device acquiring and processing values of the voltage induced in the Rogowski coil, a device determining a current value by integrating the voltage processed by the signal processing device, and a device correcting the current value regarding capacitive interference injection. The device correcting the current value is configured to make the correction by using an approximation ( U ADC kap 1 ( t ) ) of a voltage drop caused by the capacitive interference injection. The correction improves measurement accuracy without additional hardware expenditure, permitting measuring instruments using Rogowski coils to be made smaller or more compact.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a current in a conductor. The apparatus has at least one first and one second coil and the at least two coils have an identical coil body and have been wound with the same type of wire with the same number of winding layers and the same number of windings. The at least two coils are arranged electrically connected in series and spatially on top of one another. The at least two coils differ in the orientation of their windings such that the at least two coils form a supercoil. The conductor is passed through the supercoil in order to measure the current.

Abstract: A method is for connecting a capacitive load assembly to a DC grid. The load assembly is connectable to a supply potential of the DC grid by a control unit via a controllable switch element. The controllable switch element is periodically activated and deactivated by the control unit. The level of the current pulses flowing through the controllable switch element during the respective activation phase of the controllable switch element is detected by means of a current measuring device. The development of the level of at least two current pulses immediately following one another over time is evaluated by the control unit. The controllable switch element is additionally periodically activated and deactivated by the control unit if a specified change in the development of the level of the at least two current pulses immediately following one another over time is ascertained.

Abstract: An overcurrent protection device is for protecting a load arranged in a DC grid. The load is coupled to a supply busbar, which is connectable to a supply potential of the DC grid, in the DC grid via the overcurrent protection device. The overcurrent protection device is designed to ascertain a current trigger value based upon a detected value of a current flowing through the overcurrent protection device and a trigger characteristic which is assigned to the load and is based on the current; compare the current trigger value with a threshold, and either trigger the overcurrent protection device or not, based upon the result of the comparison. The current is taken into consideration together with a first or a second factor in the trigger characteristic based upon the current direction.

Abstract: In accordance with 37 C.F.R. § 1.125, a substitute specification has been included in lieu of substitute paragraphs in connection with the present Preliminary Amendment. The substitute specification is submitted in clean form, attached hereto, and is accompanied by a marked-up version showing the changes made to the original specification. The changes have been made in an effort to place the specification in better form for U.S. practice. No new matter has been added by these changes to the specification. Further, the substitute specification includes paragraph numbers to facilitate amendment practice as requested by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Abstract: In accordance with 37 C.F.R. § 1.125, a substitute specification has been included in lieu of substitute paragraphs in connection with the present Preliminary Amendment. The substitute specification is submitted in clean form, attached hereto, and is accompanied by a marked-up version showing the changes made to the original specification. The changes have been made in an effort to place the specification in better form for U.S. practice. No new matter has been added by these changes to the specification. Further, the substitute specification includes paragraph numbers to facilitate amendment practice as requested by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Abstract: A method is for connecting a capacitive load assembly to a DC grid. The load assembly is connectable to a supply potential of the DC grid by a control unit via a controllable switch element. The controllable switch element is periodically activated and deactivated by the control unit. The level of the current pulses flowing through the controllable switch element during the respective activation phase of the controllable switch element is detected by means of a current measuring device. The development of the level of at least two current pulses immediately following one another over time is evaluated by the control unit. The controllable switch element is additionally periodically activated and deactivated by the control unit if a specified change in the development of the level of the at least two current pulses immediately following one another over time is ascertained.

Abstract: An overcurrent protection device is for protecting a load arranged in a DC grid. The load is coupled to a supply busbar, which is connectable to a supply potential of the DC grid, in the DC grid via the overcurrent protection device. The overcurrent protection device is designed to ascertain a current trigger value based upon a detected value of a current flowing through the overcurrent protection device and a trigger characteristic which is assigned to the load and is based on the current; compare the current trigger value with a threshold, and either trigger the overcurrent protection device or not, based upon the result of the comparison. The current is taken into consideration together with a first or a second factor in the trigger characteristic based upon the current direction.

Abstract: A field device for an automation system includes an arithmetic unit configured to manage configuration data for operating the field device. The field device also includes an operating element that may be actuated by a user. Actuation of the operating element may be detected by the arithmetic unit. The field device includes a hardware interface to enable the field device to be connected to a communication system of the automation system or a configuration unit. The arithmetic unit is configured to put the field device into a configuration mode to change the configuration data if simultaneously a first signal from the operating element, which represents an actuation by a user, and a second signal from the hardware interface, which represents a terminal connection of a wired connection, are received.

Abstract: In order to reliably determine the supply voltages (Ui) of the individual phases (L1, L2, L3) of a load (4) in a multiphase supply network (2), in particular a three-phase supply network, a measuring module (6) is provided and is used to determine the supply voltages (Ui) from measuring voltages (Ui,mess) with the aid of a matrix operation. The matrix operation is used, in particular, to compensate for potential differences or potential shifts between the measuring system and the supply network (2) without the need for hardware measures, for example a voltage transformer.

Abstract: In order to reliably determine the supply voltages (Ui) of the individual phases (L1, L2, L3) of a load (4) in a multiphase supply network (2), in particular a three-phase supply network, a measuring module (6) is provided and is used to determine the supply voltages (Ui) from measuring voltages (Ui,mess) with the aid of a matrix operation. The matrix operation is used, in particular, to compensate for potential differences or potential shifts between the measuring system and the supply network (2) without the need for hardware measures, for example a voltage transformer.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for protecting a consumer, with a first current path having two lines, and a monitoring arrangement for detecting an imminent overload of the electrical consumer. In order to enable the detection of an imminent overload of a consumer, it is proposed that the monitoring arrangement includes a first temperature measuring unit, an evaluation unit and a first measuring element, which establishes an electrically conductive connection between the two lines of the first current path. The first temperature measuring unit is electrically isolated from the first measuring element and includes a first and a second temperature sensor. The first and second temperature sensor of the first temperature measuring unit are configured to simultaneously record a temperature of the first measuring element and the evaluation unit is configured to detect an imminent overload of the consumer based upon the recorded temperatures of the first temperature measuring unit.

Abstract: A measuring system is disclosed for monitoring at least one phase of a system. A measuring module includes a signal acquisition module and a signal further processing module. The signal acquisition module is formed by an ASIC. A printed circuit board includes a voltage sensor and the signal acquisition module includes current sensors and a voltage sensor connection connected to the voltage sensor in an electrically conductive manner, for each phase to be monitored. The signal further processing module is connected to the signal acquisition module and can evaluate current and voltage values which have been determined. The signal further processing module includes, output devices which can be used to output serial data and digital signals for control purposes.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for protecting a consumer, with a first current path having two lines, and a monitoring arrangement for detecting an imminent overload of the electrical consumer. In order to enable the detection of an imminent overload of a consumer, it is proposed that the monitoring arrangement includes a first temperature measuring unit, an evaluation unit and a first measuring element, which establishes an electrically conductive connection between the two lines of the first current path. The first temperature measuring unit is electrically isolated from the first measuring element and includes a first and a second temperature sensor. The first and second temperature sensor of the first temperature measuring unit are configured to simultaneously record a temperature of the first measuring element and the evaluation unit is configured to detect an imminent overload of the consumer based upon the recorded temperatures of the first temperature measuring unit.

Abstract: A measuring system is disclosed for monitoring at least one phase of a system. A measuring module includes a signal acquisition module and a signal further processing module. The signal acquisition module is formed by an ASIC. A printed circuit board includes a voltage sensor and the signal acquisition module includes current sensors and a voltage sensor connection connected to the voltage sensor in an electrically conductive manner, for each phase to be monitored. The signal further processing module is connected to the signal acquisition module and can evaluate current and voltage values which have been determined. The signal further processing module includes, output devices which can be used to output serial data and digital signals for control purposes.

Abstract: The response time of safety-critical electrical components is improved during a safety cut-out. To this end, the outputs of two controllers used to control switches connected in series and pertaining to a switching device for the electrical components or machines to be switched are subjected to an AND operation. The transmission time from one controller to another is no longer relevant in terms of the safety cut-out, if one controller receives the cut-out signal from the input and the other controller is responsible for operating both switches in unison. The average response time during the safety cut-out increases accordingly.

Abstract: To increase parameterization of control devices which include several inputs and several outputs, all combinations of inputs do not have to be evaluated for determining an output value. The set point value of input states are set to an independent state value such that only those real values and set point values have to be compared in a comparative step. The set point value does not match the independent state value, allowing the runtime for determining the output state values to be reduced.

Abstract: The response time of safety-critical electrical components is improved during a safety cut-out. To this end, the outputs of two controllers used to control switches connected in series and pertaining to a switching device for the electrical components or machines to be switched are subjected to an AND operation. The transmission time from one controller to another is no longer relevant in terms of the safety cut-out, if one controller receives the cut-out signal from the input and the other controller is responsible for operating both switches in unison. The average response time during the safety cut-out increases accordingly.

Abstract: A process for the production of 2-oxo-1,3-dibenzyl-cis-4,5-imidazolidinedicarboxylic acid starting from meso-2,3-bis(benzylamino)-succinic acid dialkali metal salt is described. This process includes reacting meso-2,3-bis(benzylamino)-succinic acid dialkali metal salt with triphosgene in a two-phase solvent system consisting of an aqueous alkali hydroxide solution and an organic solvent at a temperature not exceeding about 50° C. and converting the 2-oxo-1,3-dibenzyl-cis-4,5-imidazolidinedicarboxylic acid dialkali metal salt, which results therefrom and which is present in the aqueous phase, into the desired 2-oxo-1,3-dibenzyl-cis-4,5-imidazolidinedicarboxylic acid by acidification. The product is an important intermediate in the multi-stage process for the manufacture of biotin (vitamin H).

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a 5-cyano-4-lower alkyl-oxazole by the dehydration of a 5-carbamoyl-4-lower alkyl-oxazole is disclosed. The reaction is carried out by dehydrating the oxazole with silicon tetrachloride in the presence of an amine in an aprotic organic solvent. 5-Carbamoyl-4-methyl-oxazole may be dehydrated by the process in accordance with the invention to obtain 5-cyano-4-methyl-oxazole, which is a valuable intermediate in the synthesis of pyridoxine.