Abstract: A liquid-cooled cylinder head for a multicylinder internal combustion engine. The cylinder head has a coolant chamber in which gas exchange passages running in the direction of a transverse engine axis and at least one chamber for a spark plug and/or an injection nozzle are arranged. Also, bolt pipes for distributing the bolt tension forces of the cylinder head bolts are provided, the cylinder head being joinable to a crankcase of the internal combustion engine with interposition of a cylinder head seal. The bolt pipes have ribs formed by thickened configurations of adjacent wall sections of the gas exchange passages in the region of the cylinder head bolt. A high, uniform surface pressure on the cylinder head seal is thereby enabled, even in the regions between the cylinder head bolts, and even when space is restricted.

Abstract: An overload protector for a robot arm has an open-topped cylinder into which a piston is inserted. The piston is held against a circumferential stop surface of the cylinder by compression springs.

Abstract: At least one torsion spring is traversely mounted between first and second elements of an overload protector. One end of the spring is elongated to form a pressure arm which bears against the second element.

Abstract: The continuous refining of molten metal is carried out in a refining apparatus having communicating first and second refining stage spaces. Refining gas, such as oxygen, is blown into the molten metal in the presence of a slag layer on the molten metal. The molten metal and the slag are conveyed as two separate non-intermingled streams through the refining stage spaces, as distinguished from a slag-metal emulsion. The slag in the second refining stage space is caused continuously to flow back into the first refining stage space to form a slag layer on the molten metal in the first refining stage space. Refining gas is blown into the molten metal in the first refining stage space below the slag layer, and the molten metal is conveyed from the first refining stage space to the second refining stage space while preventing the flow of slag from the first refining stage space to the second refining stage space.

Abstract: An ultrasonic testing apparatus which is mounted on the housing of a trimming device for one marginal portion of a sheet- or band-like workpiece moving lengthwise along a horizontal path. The testing apparatus has a deflector which is pivotably mounted on the housing by a hinge so that it can turn about a vertical axis and has ways for a pneumatic cylinder and piston assembly whose piston rod carries a roller follower movable at right angles to the path toward and away from engagement with one side of that marginal portion of a workpiece in the horizontal path which is about to be trimmed by the trimming device. The probe holder with the probe of the testing apparatus is mounted on a parallel motion mechanism which is carried by the piston rod and is biased by a spring so as to maintain the probe close to the one side of the one marginal portion of a moving workpiece when the latter is engaged by the roller follower.

Abstract: The disclosed process of continuously refining molten metal is carried out in a refining apparatus having communicating first and second refining stage spaces. Refining gas, such as oxygen, is blown into the molten metal in the presence of a slag layer on the molten metal. The molten metal and the slag are conveyed as two separate non-intermingled streams through the refining stage spaces, as distinguished from a slag-metal emulsion. The slag in the second refining stage space is caused continuously to flow back into the first refining stage space to form a slag layer on the molten metal in the first refining stage space. Refining gas is blown into the molten metal in the first refining stage space below said slag layer, and the molten metal is conveyed from said first refining stage space to said second refining stage space while preventing the flow of slag from said first refining stage space to said second refining stage space.