Abstract: A process for conducting multiphase reactions, especially the preparation of &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated ketones by condensation of aldehydes with ketones.

Abstract: A bisphosphite of the formula I wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each hydrogen, an aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, aromatic, aromatic—aromatic, aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic or aliphatic-heterocyclic group having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, F, Cl, Br, I, —CF3, —OR7, —COR7, —CO2R7, —CO2M, —SR7, —SO2R7, —SOR7, —SO3R7, —SO3M, —CO2NR7R8, NR7R8, N═CR7R8, NH2, where R1 to R4 are identical or different and may be covalently linked to one another; R7 and R8 are each hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms, and may be identical or different; M is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or phosphonium ion; Q is a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, aromatic, aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon, heterocyclic or aliphatic-heterocyclic radical having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms whe

Abstract: Aldehydes are prepared in a hydroformylation apparatus by the multiphase hydroformylation reaction of one or more olefins with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, where the continuous phase contains a solvent mixture and the hydroformylation catalyst is present in the continuous phase, at least one olefin is present in the dispersed phase, and the loading factor of the tube reactor is greater than or equal to 0.8.

Abstract: Aldehydes are prepared by a process, which comprises: hydroformylating olefins having 3 to 21 carbon atoms under an atmosphere of CO/H2 in the presence of a rhodium catalyst in a hydroformylation reactor; and upon discharging the reaction product from the reactor, a) separating the discharged material into a gaseous phase and a liquid phase, b) separating the liquid phase into a top fraction containing unconverted olefins and aldehydes and a bottoms fraction containing the rhodium catalyst, and c) cooling the bottoms fraction below the temperature of the material discharged from the hydroformylation reactor and feeding a gas containing carbon monoxide into the bottoms fraction.

Abstract: Catalytic multiphase reactions are conducted by a process, comprising: conducting the catalytic multiphase reactions in a tube reactor, wherein the catalyst is present in the continuous phase and at least one starting material is present in a dispersed phase and the loading factor B of the tube reactor is equal to or greater than 0.8.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic process for carrying out multiphase reactions in a tubular reactor, with the catalyst being present in the continuous phase and at least one starting material in a disperse phase and the loading factor B of the tubular reactor being equal to or greater than 0.8. The process is especially suitable in particular for the hydroformylation of olefins. The aldehydes thus prepared can ideally be used for the preparation of alcohols, carboxylic acids or in aldol condensations.

Abstract: Olefins are hydroformylated to give alcohols and/or aldehydes in a plurality of hydroformylation stages, each of which comprises: a) hydroformylating olefins having a carbon atom content of 6 to 24 carbon atoms in the presence of a cobalt- or rhodium catalyst in a reactor to the point of conversion of olefin reactant to product of 20 to 98%; b) removing the catalyst from the resulting liquid discharged from the reactor; c) separating the resulting liquid hydroformylation mixture into a low-boiler fraction comprising olefins and paraffins, and a bottoms fraction comprising aldehydes and/or alcohols; and d) reacting the olefins present in the low-boiler fraction in subsequent process stages comprising steps a, b and c and combining the bottoms fractions of process steps c) of all process stages.

Abstract: A multi-stage synthesis is effective for preparing 1-olefins from aldehydes. The aldehyde is condensed with acetone to form an &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated ketone. The unsaturated ketone is hydrogenated to yield a saturated alcohol. By dehydrating the saturated alcohol a 1-olefin is obtained. The olefin can be isolated in high yield and purified.

Abstract: A process for conducting multiphase reactions, especially the preparation of &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated ketones by condensation of aldehydes with ketones.

Abstract: A bisphosphite of the formula I 1

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating dibutenes into an n-octene-containing fraction and a dimethylhexene-containing fraction. The fractions can be processed further separately to the corresponding C9 carboxylic acids and C9 alcohols (isononanols). Successor products of the C9 carboxylic acids include, for example, vinyl esters. Successor products of the C9 alcohols include plasticizers.

Abstract: &agr;,&bgr;-Unsaturated keto compounds are prepared by base-catalyzed aldol condensation of aldehydes and/or ketones having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, comprising: reacting the aldehydes and/or ketones with an aqueous catalyst solution under adiabatic reaction conditions; and separating the reaction mixture obtained by rapid distillation into a top product comprising water, aldehyde and/or ketone and a bottom product comprising &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated keto compounds and aqueous catalyst phase.

Abstract: Phosphinines of formula (I) can be combined with metal salts to prepare hydroformylation catalysts. The phosphinine complexes have two phosphorus centers that may be substituted with a variety of hetero atoms or alkyl substituents to modify the ligand characteristics of the phosphinine. Phosphinine metal complexes are employed under normal hydroformylation reaction conditions. The preparatory routes to the phosphinine ligands of formula (I) allow for their convenient synthesis.

Abstract: Aldehydes are prepared by a process, which comprises:

Abstract: Olefins are hydroformylated to give alcohols and/or aldehydes in a plurality of hydroformylation stages, each of which comprises:

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the catalytic aldol condensation of aldehydes by means of a multiphase reaction in a tube reactor, wherein the catalyst is present in the continuous phase and at least one aldehyde is present in a dispersed phase and the loading factor B of the tube reactor is equal to or greater than 0.8; the aldol condensation products obtained in this way can be used for preparing alcohols or carboxylic acids.

Abstract: Bases and organic acids are simultaneously separated from aqueous solutions comprising bases and organic acids by electrochemically treating aqueous solutions containing these components, particularly the aqueous waste solution obtained from an aldolization reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating organic acids from aqueous solutions by the use of electrochemical processes such as electrolysis and electrodialysis. These processes can be used, for example, to purify aqueous solutions produced in aldol condensation processes.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of vinyl esters from butene oligomers, wherein butenes are oligomerized, the butene oligomers are separated from the oligomerized mixture, the butene oligomers are converted to carboxylic acids which are longer by one carbon atom, and the resulting carboxylic acids are converted to the corresponding vinyl esters. The butene oligomers are in particular dibutene, tributene and tetrabutene. The invention also relates to the use of the vinyl esters as plasticizers or as comonomers in polymerization reactions.

Abstract: Aldehydes are prepared in a hydroformylation apparatus by the multiphase hydroformylation reaction of one or more olefins with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, where the continuous phase contains a solvent mixture and the hydroformylation catalyst is present in the continuous phase, at least one olefin is present in the dispersed phase, and the loading factor of the tube reactor is greater than or equal to 0.8.