Abstract: Aliphatic alpha, omega-aminonitriles are prepared by partial hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha, omega-dinitriles at elevated temperatures and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a solvent and of a catalyst by a process which comprises using a catalyst which(a) contains a compound based on a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium and rhodium and(b) contains from 0.

Abstract: A process for the catalytical preparation of condensation products of formaldehyde, in which formaldehyde or a formaldehyde-forming compound is caused to undergo reaction using a catalyst which has been produced, in the presence of an auxiliary base, from a triazolium salt of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and stand for aliphatic groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted aralkyl groups, and/or optionally substituted heteroaryl groups,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, the hydroxymethylene group --CH.sub.2 OH or the hydroxy-hydroxymethylene-methylidyne group --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2 OH), andR.sup.4 denotes hydrogen, a halogen atom, a nitro or cyano group, an aliphatic group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aryl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, an alkoxy group --OR.sup.5, a thioether group --SR.sup.6, an amino group --NR.sup.7 R.sup.

Abstract: N-substituted-pyrazoles of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently denote hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, phenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -alkylphenyl and C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -phenylalkyl, are prepared by reacting a pyrazole of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the meanings above, with an alcohol or ether of the formulaR.sup.1 --O--R.sup.5 III,wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen or R.sup.1, at a temperature of from 200.degree. to 550.degree. C. and a pressure of from 0.001 to 50 bar in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, preferably one which contains acid centers such as the oxides of aluminum, silicon, titanium and/or zirconium, optionally doped with phosphoric acid.

Abstract: Cyclic ketones of the general formula I ##STR1## where n is an integer from 4 to 6, are prepared by reacting aliphatic dicarbonitriles of the general formula IINC--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CN (II),where n has the abovementioned meaning, in the gas phase in the presence of water at from 250.degree. to 500.degree. C. on solid oxide catalysts.

Abstract: A process for preparing dihydroxyacetone by condensation, catalyzed by a thiazolium ylide, of formaldehyde, wherein the reaction is carried out in a system composed of an aqueous phase and at least one organic liquid phase.

Abstract: 1,1'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-2,2'-diimidazole of the formula I ##STR1## is prepared by a novel process in which 2,2'-diimidazole of the formula II ##STR2## is reacted with acrylonitrile of the formula III ##STR3## in the presence of basic catalysts at from 80.degree. to 150.degree. C., and hydrogenation is carried out with excess hydrogen in the presence of ammonia on catalysts which contain cobalt, nickel, ruthenium and/or noble metals at from 40.degree. to 200.degree. C. under from 10 to 200 bar.

Abstract: Process for preparing amino- and carbamoyl-substituted anthraquinones by Diels-Alder reaction of an N-butadienylcarbamic acid ester of the formula H.sub.2 C.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--NH--COOR.sup.2, wherein R.sup.2 is alkyl or phenylalkyl, with a 1,4-naphthoquinone or with 1,4-benzoquinone to form a carbamoyl-substituted hydroanthraquinone intermediate and by oxidation of this intermediate with an oxygen-containing gas in a tertiary amine and in the presence of a copper salt to obtain a carbamoyl-substituted anthraquinone product. The Diels-Alder reaction and the oxidation reaction can be carried out as a one-pot synthesis or in separate steps. The carbamic acid ester reactant provides a blocking group represented by --COOR.sup.2, and this blocking group is optionally removed by treatment of the carbamoyl-substituted anthraquinone with an alkaline hydroxide solution.

Abstract: A process for the catalytical preparation of condensation products of formaldehyde, in which formaldehyde or a formaldehyde-forming compound is caused to undergo reaction using a catalyst which has been produced, in the presence of an auxiliary base, from a triazolium salt of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and stand for aliphatic groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted aralkyl groups, and/or optionally substituted heteroaryl groups,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, the hydroxymethylene group --CH.sub.2 OH or the hydroxy-hydroxymethylene-methylidyne group --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2 OH), andR.sup.4 denotes hydrogen, a halogen atom, a nitro or cyano group, an aliphatic group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aryl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, an alkoxy group --OR.sup.5, a thioether group --SR.sup.6, an amino group --NR.sup.7R R.sup.

Abstract: A process for preparing pyrimidines of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 -aralkyl or phenyl andR.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 -aralkyl or phenyl,entails reacting nitriles of the formula IIR.sup.1 -C.tbd.N (II)where R.sup.1 has the abovementioned meaning, with 1,3-diaminopropanes of the formula III ##STR2## where R.sup.2 to R.sup.4 have the abovementioned meanings, in the presence of copper(II) acetate at from 150.degree. to 250.degree. C. to give the tetrahydropyrimidine of the formula IV ##STR3## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 have the abovementioned meanings, and dehydrogenating the tetrahydropyrimidine of the formula IV with Raney nickel at from 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. to give the pyrimidine of the formula I.

Abstract: Tert-amyl compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## and novel processes for preparing 2-tert-amylbutadiene by dehydrating 3,4,4-trimethylhex-1-en-3-ol at from 100.degree. to 350.degree. C. and from 0.01 to 50 bar on acidic catalysts, its preparation by partially hydrogenating 3,4,4-trimethyl-hex-1-yn-03-ol at from 0.degree. to 50.degree. C. and from 0.01 to 50 bar and its preparation by reacting tert-amyl methyl ketone (3,3-dimethylpentan-2-one) with acetylene in the presence of basic catalysts at from 0.degree. to 60.degree. C. and from 0.01 to 50 bar, and also the preparation of 2-tert-amylanthraquinone by reacting 2-tert-amylbutadiene with 1,4-naphthoquinone at from 20.degree. to 200.degree. C. and from 0.01 to 50 bar to give 2-tert-amyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone and then oxidizing the latter in the presence of a strong base at from 0.degree. to 50.degree. C. are described.

Abstract: Arycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, C.sub.4 - and C.sub.5 -sugars or mixtures thereof are prepared in a self-condensation of formaldehyde by reacting formaldehyde or a formaldehyde donor in the presence of a mesoionic catalyst of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is nitrogen or CR.sup.3, Y is sulfur or selenium or NR.sup.4, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can be identical or different and each can represent an aliphatic, aryl, aralkyl or heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or which bears substituents which have only a negligible effect on the catalytic activity of said mesoionic catalyst, with the proviso that R.sup.2 together with R.sup.4 can form a C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkylene or alkenylene bridge or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 -arylene bridge, and wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen, the hydroxymethyl group -CH.sub.2 OH or the hydroxymethylhydroxymethyl group --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2 OH).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of benzo[b]thiophenes of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 independently denote hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, halo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonyl, benzoyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino,N-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl)phenylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, aminocarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 phenylalkyl and nitrobenzyl or R.sup.1 +R.sup.2 or R.sup.2 +R.sup.3 or R.sup.3 +R.sup.4 denote a butadienediyl chain optionally substituted by R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, in whicha) thiophenols of the general formula II ##STR2## in which the substituents R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 have the aforementioned meanings, are reacted with chloroacetaldehyde at a temperature ranging from 0.degree. to 150.degree. C. andb) the resulting (arylthio)acetaldehydes of the general formula III ##STR3## in which the substituents R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of imidazoles which are substituted with p-nitrophenyl in the 2- and/or 4- and/or 5-position and may carry additional substituents, by reacting imidazoles which are substituted by phenyl in the 2- and/or 4- and/or 5-position and may carry additional substituents with mixtures of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of urea.

Abstract: The continuous preparation of melamine/formaldehyde precondensate solutions is carried out by a process in which melamine, formaldehyde and, if required, modifiers and/or additives are metered into a continuous mixer, and the homogeneous mixture is passed into a single-screw or twin-screw extruder, condensed at elevated temperatures, cooled and extruded.

Abstract: Ketones of the general formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each alkyl, cycyloalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl or hetaryl, and one or more of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 carry one or more hydrogen atoms on the .alpha.-carbon atom, are prepared by reacting two carboxylic acids of the general formulae (IIa/IIb), R.sup.1 --COOH (IIa) and R.sup.2 --COOH (IIb) or by reacting a carboxylic acid R.sup.1 --COOH (IIa) and a ketone ##STR2## or by reacting a mixture of IIa, IIb and Ib, in the gas phase in the presence of a catalyst, by a process in which a catalyst is used whose active material contains at least 50% by weight of titanium dioxide having a specific surface area greater than 10 m.sup.2 /g.0.

Abstract: A tanning assistant useful in particular for tanning in combination with aluminum tanning agents is obtained by condensing melamine with glyoxal and/or glyoxylic acid and optionally with an aromatic compound which has a phenolic hydroxyl group or optionally with a condensable nitrogen compound.

Abstract: Hydroxyoxaalkylmelamines of the general formula I ##STR1## where the radicals R may be identical or different and are each hydrogen or a radical of the general formula IIH--(--O--CHR'--CHR'--)--.sub.n (II)where the radicals R' may be indentical or different and are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and n is 2 or 3, and mixtures of these, are useful intemediates for the preparation of urethanes and for modifying aminoplast resins.

Abstract: Epoxy resins obtained from an epoxyalkyl halide and an aromatic hydroxyl-containing melamine derivative, and vinyl ester resins based on a reaction product of the epoxy resin with an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid can be cured to give molded materials having high heat distortion resistance.

Abstract: Preparation of amidoalkylmelamines and aminoalkylmelamines of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is an amidoalkyl group --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NHZ or an aminoalkyl group --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NH.sub.2, n is from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6, Z is an amino protective group and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are each hydrogen or have the same meanings as R.sup.1, are prepared by a process in which a chlorotriazine is reacted with a diamine of the formula H.sub.2 N--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NHZ, where n and Z have the above meanings, to give an amidoalkylmelamine, and, if required, the group Z is eliminated.

Abstract: N,N',N"-tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)-melamine, if required, as a mixture with N-mono- and N,N'-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-melamine, is prepared by reacting melamine with ethanolamine in the presence of an acidic catalyst by a method in which the reaction is carried out at from 120.degree. to 250.degree. C. using an excess of ethanolamine, and the molar ratio of free ethanolamine to the sum of free and converted melamine is not permitted to fall below 4:1 during the entire reaction time, and the stated (2-hydroxyethyl)-melamines are used as modifiers in the prepartion of aminoplast resins which are suitable for laminating surfaces.