Abstract: A fluid associated with the desired chemical or electrochemical reaction is continuously flowed or periodically pulsed across a reaction surface at a flow rate or frequency that coincides with the average time needed for a desired proportion of gas bubbles to grow, as part of the reaction, to a specific diameter. The fluid flow rate used is sufficient to break the capillary forces of a bubble on the reaction surface, at the aforementioned specific diameter. If pulsed, during the time period between the periodic fluid flows or pulses, the fluid either does not flow or is at a low enough flow rate to allow for sufficient reaction kinetics. Curving the reactive surface and fluid flow channel can also reduce the surface tension of the bubble, reducing the fluid flow forces required to dislodge the bubbles at optimal sizes, thus reducing energy requirements to pump the fluid.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for monitoring gas pressure within an electrolysis system and maintaining gas pressure using an electric generator to capture kinetic energy of compressed hydrogen and/or oxygen gases as they are produced by an electrolyzer. The generator utilizes a rotating apparatus, such as a fan or turbine, to capture the energy of the gases and generate electricity. Any electricity produced by the generator is fed back to the electrolyzer to supplement its energy requirements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a path and/or position measuring device (1) comprising a magnet (2) and a sensor (3) detecting the magnetic field intensity. The magnet (2) and/or the sensor (3) co-operate with a movable element (4), it being possible for a relative movement between the sensor (3) and the magnet (2) to be brought about by means of the movable element (4). Furthermore, the magnet (2) is formed in such a way that the magnetic field intensity varies along an axis (5) of the magnet (2) and is not constant. The relative movement is substantially in the direction of this axis (5) of the magnet (2). The path and/or the position of the movable element (4) can be determined on the basis of the magnetic field intensity detected by the sensor (3).

Abstract: A path and/or position measuring device is provided, including a magnet and a sensor for detecting the magnetic field intensity. The magnet and/or the sensor cooperate with a movable element. The magnet is formed such that the magnetic field intensity varies along an axis of the magnet and is not constant. The relative movement between the sensor and the magnet is substantially in the direction of the axis of the magnet. The path and/or the position of the movable element can be determined based on the magnetic field intensity detected by the sensor.