Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for designing and manufacturing physical objects including lattice structures include, in one aspect, a method including: obtaining a skeleton model of a lattice structure, constructing a control point frame surface model using the skeleton model, generating a shell mesh model of the lattice structure using the control point frame surface model, performing numerical simulation of a physical object using the shell mesh model included within a 3D model of the physical object to produce an assessment, modifying the skeleton model or the control point frame surface model based on the assessment to change the lattice structure until it satisfies at least one response requirement, producing from the control point frame surface model a solid body model of the lattice structure hollow beams, and providing at least the solid body model for use in manufacturing a hollow lattice structure.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for designing and manufacturing physical objects including lattice structures include, in one aspect, a method including: obtaining a skeleton model of a lattice structure, constructing a control point frame surface model using the skeleton model, generating a shell mesh model of the lattice structure using the control point frame surface model, performing numerical simulation of a physical object using the shell mesh model included within a 3D model of the physical object to produce an assessment, modifying the skeleton model or the control point frame surface model based on the assessment to change the lattice structure until it satisfies at least one response requirement, producing from the control point frame surface model a solid body model of the lattice structure hollow beams, and providing at least the solid body model for use in manufacturing a hollow lattice structure.