Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining a tip-to-tower clearance of a wind turbine, the wind turbine comprising a wind turbine tower, where a distance sensor unit is arranged on at least one wind turbine blade of the wind turbine and comprises at least a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the method comprises the steps of: transmitting a signal from the distance sensor unit toward the wind turbine tower, measuring a signal reflected from the wind turbine tower, determining a distance between the wind turbine tower and the at least one wind turbine blade based on the transmitted signal and the reflected signal, wherein the method further comprises the step of correcting the measured distance based on at least one of an actual pitch angle and a deflection angle of the at least one wind turbine blade at the location of the distance sensor unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of condition monitoring of a wind turbine. Measurement data and operating condition parameters are captured. A subset of the operating condition parameters is selected. A set of n characterizing moments is calculated based on the subset of operating condition parameters. A finite n-dimensional space each representing possible values for one of the characterising moments is provided. The n-dimensional space is sub-divided into a number of bins each representing a n-dimensional interval defined by n one-dimensional intervals. Each one- dimensional intervals represents an interval in one of the n dimensions. Each bin defines an acceptable range for the set of n characterizing moments. The set of the characterising moments is determined if it belongs to one of the bins. The set of the characterising moments and measurement data are accepted if the set of the characterising moments belongs to one of the bins.

Abstract: In one aspect, an alarm mask for condition monitoring in a wind turbine is automatically generated. A reference data selecting definition is selected from a control definition repository in the wind turbine. The reference data selecting definition specifies a time interval of recorded reference data. Reference data is selected from a sensor located in the wind turbine recorded during the time interval. A reference value is calculated based on the reference data. A first and a second alarm mask factor are selected from the control definition repository. A first alarm mask is calculated based on multiplying the first alarm mask factor and the reference value. A second alarm mask is calculated based on multiplying the second alarm mask factor by the reference value.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for vibration-based automatic condition monitoring of a wind turbine, comprising the steps of: determining a set of vibration measurement values of the wind turbine; calculating a frequency spectrum of the set of vibration measurement values; calculating a cepstrum of the frequency spectrum; selecting at least one quefrency in the cepstrum, and detecting an alarm condition based upon an amplitude of the cepstrum at the selected quefrency, and a wind turbine therefor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of condition monitoring of a wind turbine. Measurement data and operating condition parameters are captured. A subset of the operating condition parameters is selected. A set of n characterizing moments is calculated based on the subset of operating condition parameters. A finite n-dimensional space each representing possible values for one of the characterising moments is provided. The n-dimensional space is sub-divided into a number of bins each representing a n-dimensional interval defined by n one-dimensional intervals. Each one-dimensional intervals represents an interval in one of the n dimensions. Each bin defines an acceptable range for the set of n characterizing moments. The set of the characterising moments is determined if it belongs to one of the bins. The set of the characterising moments and measurement data are accepted if the set of the characterising moments belongs to one of the bins.

Abstract: In one aspect, an alarm mask for condition monitoring in a wind turbine is automatically generated. A reference data selecting definition is selected from a control definition repository in the wind turbine. The reference data selecting definition specifies a time interval of recorded reference data. Reference data is selected from a sensor located in the wind turbine recorded during the time interval. A reference value is calculated based on the reference data. A first and a second alarm mask factor are selected from the control definition repository. A first alarm mask is calculated based on multiplying the first alarm mask factor and the reference value. A second alarm mask is calculated based on multiplying the second alarm mask factor by the reference value.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for vibration-based automatic condition monitoring of a wind turbine, comprising the steps of: determining a set of vibration measurement values of the wind turbine; calculating a frequency spectrum of the set of vibration measurement values; calculating a cepstrum of the frequency spectrum; selecting at least one quefrency in the cepstrum, and detecting an alarm condition based upon an amplitude of the cepstrum at the selected quefrency, and a wind turbine therefor.

Abstract: A plant (1), preferably a freezer tunnel for temporary storage of items and comprising an inlet station (3) and a discharge station (2) and a conveyor (4) for carrying the items through the plant, may be provided with a buffer effect in a simple manner. The conveyor (4) loops around fixed turning rolls (9) and around displaceable turning rolls (8) positioned on a trolley (17) which can be displaced back and forth between the fixed turning rolls (9). The buffer storage is established in that a drive member (14) for the conveyor (4) is provided both at the inlet and the discharge station (2, 3). Any one of these two drive members is constructed to be operated at a speed that is different from the speed of the other drive member. As the trolley (17) is in a freely displaceable position, a difference in speed will mean that the conveyor section (24) between the trolley (17) and the fixed turning rolls at one side of the plant may be enlarged and reduced.

Abstract: A metal mould for making a frozen confectionery product is made of a titanium-containing materials, the mould being produced by cold-working a sheet-formed blank, either by deep-drawing or by pressing two half shells which are subsequently welded together. By using titanium for the ice lolly moulds, it is possible to avoid the use of poisonous inhibitors, without any risk of corrosion on the moulds. There is a considerable risk of corrosion on the moulds as the moulds used in the production of frozen confectionery products are subjected to freezing baths with strong saline solutions. When using titanium material for making the metal moulds, it is further possible to perform stress-relieving annealing at a lower temperature than was formerly possible when the moulds were made of stainless steel.

Abstract: A plant for preparing over-run ice-cream includes a freezing apparatus for freezing mix supplied to the freezing apparatus via a feeding pump, an air supply apparatus for adding air to the mix before the mix is fed to the freezing apparatus, a mix mass flow meter for determining the mass flow rate of mix prior to addition of air, a computer which controls the air supply apparatus dependent upon the mix mass flow measured. The air is intimately mixed with the mix by means of a mixing apparatus arranged immediately before the freezing apparatus. The product in completely or partly melted condition has a cream-like thick consistency and an increased percent over-run.

Abstract: A freezing plant consists of a row of plate freezers (1, 2, 3, and 4), a feeding conveyor (5) and a removing conveyor (6). Each of the plate freezers (1, 2, 3, and 4) has a stack of freezing plates and means for stepwise lifting the stack in such a way that interspaces may be provided between the plates for filling and emptying the interspaces. Supporting means serve to support the at any time lowermost plate of the upper part of the stack at the upper limit of the interspace and releasable support means serve to support the at any time uppermost plate of the lowermost part of the stack at the lower limit of the interspace. The disengageable and releasable supporting means are adapted to release the stack for lowering the stack after positioning of the product to be frozen upon each freezing plate.

Abstract: A method serves to deposit a continuously extruded formation or string of an edible product, such as an ice cream formation upon a continuously driven conveyor for a plant for treating the product. In order to be able to deposit the formation discontinuously upon a conveyor consisting of trays, the formation is extruded upon an endless depositing band driven by means of a driving device with contant speed which is slower than the speed of the conveyor. The depositing band is driven around an end reversing location arranged above the container and the end reversing location is moved with respect to the driving device of the depositing band in the same direction as the direction of movement of the conveyor and with a speed which at least is equal to the speed with which the depositing band is driven by means of its driving device. Then the movement of the end reversing location is reversed with respect to the driving device of the depositing band and a formation portion is being deposited upon the conveyor.

Abstract: A production apparatus comprises a step-wise driven conveyor adapted to receive articles to be subjected to different operations. Along the conveyor operative devices are arranged for carrying out the different operations to which the articles are to be subjected. The operative devices having comparatively short operation periods are stationarily arranged along the conveyor, whereas at least two operative devices having comparatively long operation periods, are movably arranged along the conveyor so as to follow the conveyor while the conveyor makes at least one step and then to be moved one such step opposite to the direction of movement of the conveyor. By such doubling of the operative device or devices having long operation periods, an increased capacity of the production apparatus is achieved. The production apparatus can be used in producing ice cream coronets.

Abstract: An apparatus for insertion of sticks into freezing pockets arranged row by row in a freezing machine comprises a conveyor having grooves for receiving the sticks and feeding the sticks to a number of predetermined positions. As the predetermined positions separate flicking devices are arranged for removing the sticks from the grooves positioned at the predetermined positions. The apparatus moreover comprises an insertion mechanism for inserting the sticks into a row of freezing pockets. In order to reduce stop periods in case the means for insertion of the sticks are blocked, the flicking devices are individually controllable.

Abstract: Ice lollies are frozen in two-parted moulds which are inserted in rows of freezing pockets in an ice lolly freezing machine. The moulds are thawed loose from the freezing pockets in which freezing has been carried out, are lifted out of the freezing pockets, separated for releasing the frozen ice lollies, assembled and inserted again into a row of freezing pockets. Before the moulds are lifted, a moderate heating of the freezing pockets is carried out sufficient for thawing loose the moulds with respect to the pockets. Then the moulds are lifted and moved to a position outside the area of such freezing pockets of such freezing machine. At the position the moulds are heated for thawing loose the ice lollies. Then the moulds are separated and the ice lollies removed while the moulds are positioned outside the area of the freezing pockets. Now the moulds are moved back to the area of the freezing pockets and are inserted into an empty row of freezing pockets.

Abstract: An apparatus for extraction of articles frozen in moulds in a freezing machine, comprises means for insertion of retaining means in the moulds for engagement with the articles. The apparatus further comprises means for lifting the retaining means for extraction of the articles. The retaining means for each mould comprise at least two plate sections adapted for insertion in a mould along the inner surfaces of two side walls of the latter facing each other. The plate sections ensure that the subject article is firmly gripped for extraction.

Abstract: In order to freeze articles in containers, the side of the containers against which the material to be frozen would normally contact is provided with a frozen coating consisting of a lining material having a lower melting temperature than the material to be frozen. The article, after being frozen in the container, may be easily removed from the container by heating the container to a temperature between the melting point of the lining material forming the coating and the material of the article such that the article will be loosened with respect to the container without any melting (or distortion) thereof.