Abstract: In a process for the heterogeneously catalyzed dehydrogenation in one or more reaction zones of one or more dehydrogenatable C2-C30-hydrocarbons in a reaction gas mixture comprising them, with at least part of the heat of dehydrogenation required being generated directly in the reaction gas mixture in at least one reaction zone by combustion of hydrogen, the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons and/or carbon in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas, the reaction gas mixture comprising the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons is brought into contact with a Lewis-acid dehydrogenation catalyst which has essentially no Brönsted acidity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the catalytic preparation of melamine by decomposition of urea over particular solid catalysts using a main reactor and an after-reactor. A catalyst having a low Lewis acidity is used in the main reactor and a catalyst having an equal or preferably higher Lewis acidity is used in the after-reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen chloride, comprising on a support a) from 0.001 to 30% by weight of gold, b) from 0 to 3% by weight of one or more alkaline earth metals, c) from 0 to 3% by weight of one or more alkali metals, d) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more rare earth metals, e) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more further metals selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver, copper and rhenium, in each case based on the total weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: Process for preparing saturated aliphatic Cn-aldehydes and Cn-1-alkanes, where n is from 4 to 20, which comprises a) providing a feed gas stream comprising one or more Cn-1-alkanes, b) subjecting the Cn-1-alkanes to a catalytic dehydrogenation to give a product gas stream comprising unreacted Cn-1-alkanes, one or more Cn-1-alkenes and secondary constituents, c) at least partly hydroformylating the Cn-1-alkenes in the presence of the Cn-1-alkanes and possibly the secondary constituents by means of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst to give the Cn-aldehydes, d) separating the product mixture obtained to give a stream comprising the Cn-aldehydes and a stream comprising Cn-1-alkanes and possibly secondary constituents, e) recirculating at least part of the gas stream comprising the Cn-1-alkanes and possibly the secondary constituents as recycle gas stream to the catalytic alkane dehydrogenation (step b)).

Abstract: Process for preparing chlorine from hydrochloric acid, which comprises the steps: a) providing a hydrochloric acid feed stream I; b) providing a hydrochloric acid recycle stream II; c) separating off a hydrogen chloride stream IV from the hydrochloric acid feed stream I and the hydrochloric acid recycle stream II in a distillation step; d) feeding the hydrogen chloride stream IV, an oxygen-containing steam V and, if desired, an oxygen-containing recycle stream Va into an oxidation zone and oxidizing hydrogen chloride to chlorine in the presence of a catalyst to give a product gas stream VI comprising chlorine, unreacted oxygen, unreacted hydrogen chloride and water vapor; e) separating off hydrogen chloride and water from the product gas stream VI in an absorption step to give a gas stream VII and the hydrochloric acid recycle stream II; f) if desired, drying the gas stream VII; g) separating off an oxygen-containing stream from the gas stream VII and, if desired, recirculating at least part of this as oxygen

Abstract: C2–C30-alkanes are dehydrogenated in a process in which (i) ethylbenzene is dehydrogenated to styrene in a first part process to give a hydrogen-containing offgas stream, and (ii) one or more C2–C30-alkanes are dehydrogenated in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst in one or more reaction zones in a second part process to give the corresponding olefins, with a hydrogen-containing gas stream being mixed into the reaction gas mixture of the dehydrogenation in at least one reaction zone, wherein at least part of the hydrogen-containing offgas stream obtained in the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene is mixed into the reaction gas mixture of the alkane dehydrogenation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing butadiene from n-butane comprising the steps (A) providing an n-butane-containing feed gas stream, (B) feeding the n-butane-containing feed gas stream into a first dehydrogenation zone and nonoxidatively catalytically dehydrogenating n-butane to 1-butene, 2-butene and optionally butadiene to obtain a first product gas stream comprising n-butane, 1-butene and 2-butene, with or without butadiene and secondary components, (C) feeding the first product gas stream comprising n-butane, 1-butene and 2-butene, with or without butadiene and secondary components, into a second dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating 1-butene and 2-butene to butadiene to give a second product gas stream comprising butadiene, n-butane and steam, with or without secondary components, (D) recovering butadiene from the second product gas stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst support, in which zirconium dioxide powder is mixed with a binder, if desired a pore former, if desired an acid, water and, if desired, further additives to give a kneadable composition and the composition is homogenized, shaped to produce shaped bodies, dried and calcined, wherein the binder is a monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric organosilicon compound. Suitable binders are monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric silanes, alkoxysilanes, aryloxysilanes, acryloxysilanes, oximinosilanes, halosilanes, aminoxysilanes, aminosilanes, amidosilanes, silazanes or silicones. The invention also provides the catalyst support which has been prepared in this way, a catalyst comprising the support and its use as dehydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic gas-phase oxidation of propene to acrylic acid, in which the reaction gas starting mixture is oxidized, with a high propene loading, in a first reaction stage, over a first fixed-bed catalyst which is housed in two successive reaction zones A, B, the reaction zone B being kept at a higher temperature than the reaction zone A, and the acrolein-containing product gas mixture of the first reaction stage is then oxidized in a second reaction stage, with a high acrolein loading, over a second fixed-bed catalyst which is housed in two successive reaction zones C, D, the reaction zone D being kept at a higher temperature than the reaction zone C.

Abstract: Olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons are prepared from corresponding paraffinic hydrocarbons, in particular propylene is prepared from propane, by dehydrogenation over a catalyst comprising an oxide of a transition metal of group IV B of the Periodic Table, eg. TiO2 or ZrO2, and possibly at least one element selected from among elements of transition group VIII, eg. palladium, platinum or rhodium, and/or an element of transition group VI, eg. chromium, molybdenum or tungsten, and/or rhenium and/or tin and possibly a compound of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, a compound of main group III or transition group III or zinc.

Abstract: Isothermal process for the dehydrogenation of alkanes to the corresponding alkenes over a catalyst bed comprising a dehydrogenation-active catalyst, wherein the catalyst bed comprises a catalytically inactive, inert diluent material. The catalytically inactive, inert diluent material is preferably selected from the group consisting of the oxides of the elements of main groups II, III and IV, transition groups III and IV and V, mixtures thereof and nitrides and carbides of elements of main groups III and IV and preferably has a BET surface area of <10 m2/g. The presence of the catalytically inactive diluent material in the catalyst bed limits the space-time yield, based on alkene formed to preferably 7.0 kg/(kgbed×h).

Abstract: A process for preparing chlorine by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride over a fixed catalyst bed is disclosed that includes: making available a feed gas stream I with hydrogen chloride and an oxygen-containing feed gas stream II, feeding the feed gas stream I, the feed gas stream II, and, if desired, a recycled stream Ia with hydrogen chloride, an oxygen-containing recycle stream IIa, and a recycled stream III into an oxidation zone and oxidizing hydrogen chloride to chlorine in the presence of a catalyst present in a fixed bed to give product gas stream IV having chlorine, unreacted oxygen, unreacted hydrogen chloride and water vapor, and taking the recycled stream III from the product gas stream IV, without further treatment, and recirculating it to the oxidation zone, leaving a product gas stream IVa.

Abstract: A methanol reforming catalyst containing passivated copper and zinc oxide and/or alumina can be prepared by (1) precipitating or spray-drying a mixture of catalyst precursor components dissolved or suspended in a diluent in order to form a solid catalyst precursor in the form of powder or granules, (2) calcining and reducing the solid catalyst precursor obtained in stage (1), (3) passivating the reduced catalyst precursor obtained in stage (2) and (4) shaping the passivated catalyst precursor obtained in stage (3) to form the catalyst. A reduction in the volume shrinkage and an increase in the mechanical hardness during operation of the methanol reforming catalyst are achieved by the preparation process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated process for the synthesis of propylene oxide, which comprises at least the following steps: (i) dehydrogenation of propane to give a substream T (0) comprising at least propane, propene and hydrogen; (ii) fractionation of the substream T (0) to give at least one gaseous hydrogen-rich substream T (2) and a substream T (1) comprising at least propene and propane; (iii) synthesis of hydrogen peroxide using the substream T (2), giving a substream T (4) which is rich in hydrogen peroxide and a gaseous substream T (6); (iv) fractionation of the substream T (1) to give at least one propane-rich substream T (5) and at least one propene-rich substream T (3); (v) reaction of the at least one substream T (3) with substream T (4) to give propylene oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of storing gas including methane and hydrogen, in particular to the fuel cell technology. In particulars it relates to a method of using a metallo-organic framework material comprising pores and at least one metal ion and at least one at least bidentate organic compound.

Abstract: Hydrogenous gases are prepared by reacting hydrocarbons with air and/or water at temperatures of from 300 to 1000° C. and a pressure of from 1 to 20 bar in the presence of a catalyst by using a spinel catalyst which comprises at least one element of transition group VIII of the periodic table.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of chlorine by reaction of hydrogen chloride with oxygen in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, in which the conversion of hydrogen chloride in a single pass through the reactor is restricted to from 15 to 90%.

Abstract: A methanol reforming catalyst containing passivated copper and zinc oxide and/or alumina can be prepared by (1) precipitating or spray-drying a mixture of catalyst precursor components dissolved or suspended in a diluent in order to form a solid catalyst precursor in the form of powder or granules, (2) calcining and reducing the solid catalyst precursor obtained in stage (1), (3) passivating the reduced catalyst precursor obtained in stage (2) and (4) shaping the passivated catalyst precursor obtained in stage (3) to form the catalyst. A reduction in the volume shrinkage and an increase in the mechanical hardness during operation of the methanol reforming catalyst are achieved by the preparation process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing butadiene from n-butane comprising the steps (A) providing an n-butane-containing feed gas stream, (B) feeding the n-butane-containing feed gas stream into a first dehydrogenation zone and nonoxidatively catalytically dehydrogenating n-butane to 1-butene, 2-butene and optionally butadiene to obtain a first product gas stream comprising n-butane, 1-butene and 2-butene, with or without butadiene and secondary components, (C) feeding the first product gas stream comprising n-butane, 1-butene and 2-butene, with or without butadiene and secondary components, into a second dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating 1-butene and 2-butene to butadiene to give a second product gas stream comprising butadiene, n-butane and steam, with or without secondary components, (D) recovering butadiene from the second product gas stream.

Abstract: Catalysts containing passivated copper and zinc oxide and/or alumina are prepared by (1) precipitating a mixture of catalyst precursor components dissolved or suspended in a diluent with anion-containing precipitating agents, washing and drying to form a solid catalyst precursor in the form of powder or granules, (2) calcining the solid catalyst precursor obtained in stage (1) to an anion content from the precipitating agent of from 0.1 to 2.5% by weight and (3) shaping and, if required, reducing and passivating the calcined catalyst precursor from stage (2) in any desired order to form the catalyst.