Abstract: The invention describes electrically conductive shaped bodies with an inherent positive temperature coefficient (PTC), produced from a composition which contains at least one organic matrix polymer (compound component A), at least one submicroscale or nanoscale, electrically conductive additive (compound component B) and at least one phase-change material with a phase-transition temperature in the range from ?42° C. to +150° C. (compound component D). The phase-change material is incorporated into an organic network (compound component C). The electrically conductive shaped body with an inherent PTC effect is, in particular, a filament, a fibre, a spun-bonded web, a foam, a film, a foil or an injection-moulded article. The switching point for the PTC behavior is dependent on the type and also the phase-conversion temperature of the phase-change material. By way of example, a self-regulating surface heater in the form of a film, foil and/or textile can be realized in this way.

Abstract: The invention describes electrically conductive shaped bodies with an inherent positive temperature coefficient (PTC), produced from a composition which contains at lest one organic matrix polymer (compound component A), at least one submicroscale or nanoscale, electrically conductive additive (compound component B) and at least one phase-change material with a phase-transition temperature in the range from ?42° C. to +150° C. (compound component D). The phase-change material is incorporated into an organic network (compound component C). The electrically conductive shaped body with an inherent PTC effect is, in particular, a filament, a fibre, a spun-bonded web, a foam, a film, a foil or an injection-moulded article. The switching point for the PTC behavior is dependent on the type and also the phase-conversion temperature of the phase-change material. By way of example, a self-regulating surface heater in the form of a film, foil and/or textile can be realized in this way.

Abstract: The invention molecularly equips polyester or polyolefin molding compositions in situ with zinc ions before extrusion, enabling direct processing of the molding compositions from the melt even at high temperatures and ensuring a long-term antibacterial action. The inventive molding compositions include at least one polyester polymer or polyolefin polymer and at least one zinc salt-organoligand complex.

Abstract: The invention molecularly equips polyester or polyolefin molding compositions in situ with zinc ions before extrusion, enabling direct processing of the molding compositions from the melt even at high temperatures and ensuring a long-term antibacterial action. The inventive molding compositions include at least one polyester polymer or polyolefin polymer and at least one zinc salt-organoligand complex.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing novel reactive organic compounds containing poly-DOPO and having a higher phosphorus content than known comparable DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenenthrene-10-oxide) adducts, and to the use thereof for flameproofing thermoplastic polymers, such as polyesters and polyamides. The same flameproofing effect is achieved with smaller additive quantities than previously, thus reducing the influence of the physical, especially textile-physical properties of the polymers. The adducts containing poly-DOPO are formed by reacting DOPO with acetylenes carrying reactive groups, in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing novel reactive organic compounds containing poly-DOPO and having a higher phosphorus content than known comparable DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenenthrene-10-oxide) adducts, and to the use thereof for flameproofing thermoplastic polymers, such as polyesters and polyamides. The same flameproofing effect is achieved with smaller additive quantities than previously, thus reducing the influence of the physical, especially textile-physical properties of the polymers. The adducts containing poly-DOPO are formed by reacting DOPO with acetylenes carrying reactive groups, in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing and processing polyester block copolymers, in particular, polyester side-chain grafted, rigid side-chain and/or semi-rigid side-chain polymers. According to the invention, the monomeric units of rigid side-chain and/or semi-rigid side-chain polymers are, preferably in the melt, polycondensated together with monofunctionalized and/or difunctionalized, cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides to form polymers having anhydride terminal and/or side groups. The formed polyester anhydrides are reacted with the hydroxyl groups and/or with the ester groups of meltable linear polyesters in order to form side-chain grafted, rigid side-chain and/or semi-rigid side-chained polymers and, together with meltable polyesters, they form molecularly reinforced blends.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing and processing polyester block copolymers, in particular, polyester side-chain grafted, rigid side-chain and/or semi-rigid side-chain polymers. According to the invention, the monomeric units of rigid side-chain and/or semi-rigid side-chain polymers are, preferably in the melt, polycondensated together with monofunctionalized and/or difunctionalized, cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides to form polymers having anhydride terminal and/or side groups. The formed polyester anhydrides are reacted with the hydroxyl groups and/or with the ester groups of meltable linear polyesters in order to form side-chain grafted, rigid side-chain and/or semi-rigid side-chained polymers and, together with meltable polyesters, they form molecularly reinforced blends.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of organophilic, swellable specially modified phyllosilicates in the production of nano-reinforced thermoplastic polymers, preferably polyamides, polyesters and polycarbonates. The inorganic phyllosilicate particles are bonded to or incorporated into the polymer in a covalent manner with nanodistribution. Special modification enables the phyllosilicates to be used as initiators in the case of polymerization or a chain elements in the case of condensation. The covalent bonding of the phyllosilicate particles to the polymer increases the stability of the reinforcing effect as opposed to an ionic bond. The special modification is performed for phyllosilicates which become hydrophobic as a result of cationic exchange. This property makes it possible for certain organic reaction partners to reach reactive groups present on the surface of the phyllosilicate and to react therewith on certain conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a product having a substrate of a partially stabilized zirconium oxide and a buffer layer of a fully stabilized zirconium oxide. In this case, the substrate is untextured and the buffer layer is biaxially textured and joined to the substrate via an interlayer which consists is made of a material that is different than zirconium oxide but is compatible with the latter. This product is in particular produced with ion beam-assisted deposition of the buffer layer. It is suitable in particular as a support for a functional layer of a ceramic superconductor, e.g. for use as a superconducting current limiter.

Abstract: An electron microscope including an electron source, a condenser lens having either a circular aperture for focusing a solid cone of electrons onto a specimen or an annular aperture for focusing a hollow cone of electrons onto the specimen, and an objective lens having an annular objective aperture, for focusing electrons passing through the specimen onto an image plane. The invention also entails a method of making the annular objective aperture using electron imaging, electrolytic deposition and ion etching techniques.