Abstract: A plasmon generator comprises a plasmon supporting surface and first and second quantum systems respectively defining first and second quantum states with a tunneling junction being present between the first and second quantum systems, the first and second quantum systems being present in an electric circuit to generate a tunneling current between the first and second quantum systems, whereby electrons tunneling between said first and second quantum states loose energy in the process and generate plasmons at the plasmon supporting surface.

Abstract: A plasmon generator comprises a plasmon supporting surface and first and second quantum systems respectively defining first and second quantum states with a tunneling junction being present between the first and second quantum systems, the first and second quantum systems being present in an electric circuit to generate a tunneling current between the first and second quantum systems, whereby electrons tunneling between said first and second quantum states loose energy in the process and generate plasmons at the plasmon supporting surface.

Abstract: A method and a solution are provided for cleaning a container, in particular a boiler of a conventional power station. The container is degreased and pickled in one method step using an alkaline cleaning solution. A suitable cleaning solution includes, for example, an ammonium EDTA salt, hydrazine and a surfactant.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a vessel by dissolving iron oxide present in the vessel includes introducing a saline solution into the vessel, the saline solution being formed of an acid acting as a complexing agent, of an alkalizing agent and of a reducing agent, the saline solution acting as an alkaline reducer; retaining the saline solution in the vessel for a given period of time at a temperature above 140.degree. C. and below the decomposition temperature of the anionic part of the saline solution for forming an iron complex; and subsequently removing the dissolved iron complex by emptying the vessel.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a vessel by dissolving iron oxide present in the vessel includes introducing a saline solution into the vessel, the saline solution being formed of an acid acting as a complexing agent, of an alkalizing agent and of a reducing agent, the saline solution acting as an alkaline reducer; retaining the saline solution in the vessel for a given period of time at a temperature above 140.degree. C. and below the decomposition temperature of the anionic part of the saline solution for forming an iron complex; and subsequently removing the dissolved iron complex by emptying the vessel.

Abstract: Method for cleaning vessels and in particular, steam generators, having deposits which are dissolved chemically and removed mechanically. The copper compounds present in the deposits are dissolved chemically and subsequently, loose deposits and liquids are removed mechanically. Encrustations still remaining are softened chemically and finally, the loosened deposits as well as the remaining chemicals are flushed out.

Abstract: Solidifying radioactive liquid concentrate residues containing borates by embedding in a binder by mixing. Prior to embedding, sodium hydroxide is added to the waste concentrate to obtain a mole ratio of sodium to boron of 0.25 with a corresponding pH value in the range of 7.3 to 8.0 or 0.7 with a corresponding pH value of 9.8 to 10.2. The waste concentrate with added sodium hydroxide is mixed with a binder to embed it into the binder.