Abstract: A reactor (7) for gasifying materials that contain carbon under pressure has a tube wall (20) that has coolant flowing through it and is lined with a refractory material (21). The outlet (9) from the reactor (7) points down and opens into a cooler (10). The reactor is accommodated in a pressurized vessel (1) along with the cooler (10) and can be released and removed independently.

Abstract: A thermal shielding for covers and bottoms of gas generators and other reaction vessels intended to operate at elevated temperature and pressure is disclosed wherein the cover or bottom comprises an extension, integral with the reaction vessel, with an outer closure supporting a plurality of spaced guide tubes having fluid jackets at the inner ends thereof, the fluid jackets of a plurality of circumferentially spaced guide tubes being interconnected by concentrically spaced heat transfer tubes substantially aligned with the inner surface of the reaction vessel, the fluid jacket of one of said guide tubes being divided by baffle means into separate chambers respectively connected with supply and discharge lines for cooling fluid to be circulated through said plurality of fluid jackets and concentric connecting tubes whereby effective cooling is achieved at inner ends of said guide tubes with a minimum of congestion externally of the vessel cover or bottom.

Abstract: Dust-laden hot product gas under pressure is admitted into a vessel suspended in a water bath. It escapes through openings in the top of the vessel and the rising bubbles are intercepted by upright tubes through which they cause a flow of water to effect a turnover of the bath. This causes the gas to become cooled, dust to be scrubbed from it and the gas also to become saturated with water vapor.

Abstract: The reactor for the production of CO and H.sub.2 containing gases by means of a partial oxidation of powdery or liquid high ash fuels in a carburation fluid including free oxygen, at high temperatures and increased pressure, includes a pressure vessel enclosing a gas-tight housing whereby an interspace is formed between the inner wall of the vessel and the outer surface of the housing. Within the housing is arranged a cooling wall enclosing the reaction chamber proper. The cooling wall includes a coil of cooling pipes embedded in a mass of refractory material such as silicium carbide. The pipes are partially supported on web sections projecting from the inner surface of the housing into the refractory lining. The web sections prevent propagation of leaking hot gas from the reaction chamber along the inner surface of the housing.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the operation of gasification plants for pulverized fuels, wherein the pulverized fuel is reacted in a flame reaction with a gasifying agent containing free oxygen, into a combustible gas containing CO and H.sub.2. The task consists in precluding upon malfunctions in the supply of fuel, an oxygen discharge into the cooling and treatment plants, taking into consideration delays in the emergency shut-off systems and the controls for the oxygen supply.As per invention, a well-flowing additional fuel is stored in a reservoir at a pressure higher than the operating pressure of the gasification reactor. Upon malfunctions in the fuel supply, the additionally stored fuel will be transferred, within a short time, into the reaction chamber of the gasification plant. As additional well-flowing fuel combustible gas, liquid fuel or a pulverized solid fuel, also well-flowing, can be used.

Abstract: The reactor for producing gas from powdery fuels comprises an outer metal sheet jacket, an inner pressure resistant jacket defining with the outer jacekt a first interspace for a cooling liquid, reinforcing brick lining adjoining the inner wall of the inner jacket, a cooling shield enclosing a reaction chamber and defining with the brick lining a second interspace for an inert cooling fluid. The cooling shield has at its upper end a gap communicating with the second interspace and the lower end of the reactor is provided with a pressure releasing conduit communicating with the bottom of the second interspace so that when the gas generating process is interrupted and the conduit is opened the pressurized gas escapes from the reactor chamber through the upper gap and flows through the major part of the second interspace to be cooled down before the discharge from the connecting conduit.

Abstract: Product gas resulting from the partial oxidation of finely divided fuel in a reactor is discharged as a stream into a tube leading downwardly into a vessel containing a water bath in which the lower end of the tube is immersed. Liquid slag produced during the partial oxidation is also discharged as a solid stream within and surrounded by the stream of product gas. The tube is cooled by circulating cooling water upwardly through an annular clearance in the tube which is discharged from the annular clearance at the upper end of the tube for gravity descent as a liquid film along the inside of the tube. The slag becomes cooled and granulated on contact with the water bath and is discharged from the vessel in granulated condition. The gas escapes from the lower open tube end, travels upwardly through the water bath to become cooled thereby, and is then discharged from the vessel in cooled condition.