Abstract: A computer-implemented method can include obtaining, by a server computing device, a machine translation model relating sets of source words in a source language to sets of target words in a different target language, each of the sets of source words and target words being labeled with a level of formality with respect to its corresponding language. The method can include receiving, by the server computing device, a request to obtain a translated text representing a translation of a text from the source language to the target language, the request further specifying a desired level of formality for the translated text. The method can include in response to receiving the request, obtaining, by the server computing device, the translated text by translating the text using the machine translation model and the desired level of formality. The method can further include outputting, by the server computing device, the translated text.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for decompounding compound words are disclosed. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a token that includes a sequence of characters, identifying two or more candidate sub-words that are constituents of the token, and one or more morphological operations that are required to transform the sub-words into the token, where at least one of the morphological operations involves a use of a non-dictionary word, and determining a cost associated with each sub-word and a cost associated with each morphological operation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for decompounding compound words are disclosed. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a token that includes a sequence of characters, identifying two or more candidate sub-words that are constituents of the token, and one or more morphological operations that are required to transform the sub-words into the token, where at least one of the morphological operations involves a use of a non-dictionary word, and determining a cost associated with each sub-word and a cost associated with each morphological operation.