Abstract: The operation setting device includes a keyboard having stationary control keys arranged on a transparent support plate of insulating material, each key of the keyboard being formed of a pair of transparent electrically conductive material secured to the outer face of the support plate and being connectable to a switching device sensitive to a change of resistance between the contacts in each pair. A visual identification card is located behind the support plate and having its indentification signs in register with respective keys.

Abstract: Film frames of each of a series of spliced-together exposed and developed photographic films are monitored by photoelectric detector means to ascertain the positions of their leading and trailing edges prior to identification of the frames by a punching device ahead of the copying station. Those film frames whose leading and/or trailing edges cannot be detected with a requisite degree of accuracy (e.g., due to overexposure or underexposure) are pinpointed by ascertaining their length on the basis of accurately ascertained length of other film frame or frames in the same film (a) by calculating the position of the trailing edge upon accurate determination of the leading edge (or vice versa), (b) by calculating the positions of both edges on the basis of the distance between two accurately pinpointed frames which flank the frame whose edges are not detectable, (c) by measuring back from a previously pinpointed frame, or (d) by measuring forwardly from a subsequently ascertained frame.

Abstract: An apparatus for notching an edge of a strip of photographic film has an arrangement for advancing the strip in a path. Laterally adjacent the path is located a wheel which rotates intermittently or continuously and which is provided with one (or several circumferentially spaced) punching die(s) provided adjacent the periphery of the wheel. A counter-punch is provided with which the die(s) cooperate(s) so as to notch a longitudinal edge of the strip when the wheel rotates.

Abstract: An apparatus for marking a longitudinal edge of a travelling web has a marking (e.g. notching) station, upstream but adjacent to which is located an abutment. Upstream of the abutment is located aguide arrangement which urges the web transversely of the direction of web travel at an angle skew to the longitudinal centerline of the web, so as to exert on the web a force acting skew to the centerline in the forward direction of web travel and towards the edge to be marked. This urges the edge in part against the abutment to assure that the web travels in predetermined orientation through the marking station.

Abstract: The originals to be photographed are transported past a measuring station and an aperture at a filming station. The microfilm is transported past a film aperture at the filming station. The originals vary in length (measured in the direction of transport) from a maximum to a minimum length. The measuring station is spaced a distance from the filming station which corresponds to the maximum length. Each original is scanned in a direction perpendicular to the direction of transport at the measuring station and the peak amount of light reflected from the original is stored. The number of storage units is equal to the number of originals of smallest length which can be accommodated in the distance between the filming and measuring stations. For each storage unit, a monostable multivibrator is furnished which is started when the corresponding original leaves the measuring station and whose time constant is such that its trailing edge occurs just prior to the time the same original reaches the filming station.