Abstract: A photometer for use with a microscope having an object plane an image plane and an optical axis between said planes. The photometer includes an optical dividing means adapted to be disposed in the optical axis between the microscope object and image planes, and a reflective element having a reflecting surface. A pin hole occluder is adapted to be arranged on the opposite side of the optical dividing means to the reflective element. An optical imaging device provides an image of the pin hole occluder on the reflecting surface. A semi-reflective element is provided for reflecting light from the light source to the optical dividing means. A detector is arranged in an optical axis including the semi-reflective element, the pin hole occluder, the optical dividing means, the optical imaging device and reflective element.

Abstract: A stage for a microscope comprises a stage carrier, an object stage, an intermediate carrier disposed between the stage carrier and the object stage, and first and second displacement means. The first displacement means serves to displace the intermediate carrier together with the object stage in a first direction relative to the stage carrier, and the second displacement means serves to displace the object stage in a second direction substantially transverse to the first direction. The first and second displacement means are fixed relative to the stage carrier so that they do not move when the intermediate carrier and the object stage moves.

Abstract: To allow rapid change between the conoscopic observation method and the orthoscopic observation method in a microscope, while showing a small overall size and permitting and optically correct position of the Bertrand lens and the associated diaphragm, an additional supplementary beam path can be selectively used in addition to the main beam path. The supplementary beam path includes the Bertrand lens and the iris diaphragm and extends away from the optical axis of the microscope objective in a lateral direction.

Abstract: In a microscope possessing an adjustable-inclination viewing tube and optical path system for erecting the image, an optical component forming part of the erecting system can be interchanged with another optical component. It is thus possible to select, at will, either a totally reflecting optical component, or an optical component which splits the beam into two, the latter optical component being usable for the purpose of attaching the microscope to a photographic device or similar accessory.

Abstract: In a microscope possessing an adjustable-inclination binocular unit and an optical path system for erecting the image, these two subsystems possess a common splitting prism, thus shortening the overall optical path in the microscope, so that the space required for the optical components remains small. This is of particular importance in cases involving microscope objectives which are corrected to infinity.

Abstract: Refractive characteristics of the eye or eyes of a microscopist can result in an unfocused image in the film plane of a camera attachment if accommodation occurs in the objective focusing system and an unfocus image can be prevented by providing a separate image for adjustment of the eyepiece or eyepieces to accommodate refractive characteristics of the eye or eyes of the microscopist independent of the object focusing mechanism.

Abstract: By using two or more masks in a microscope having an optical system with an intermediate image plane therein in combination with a camera, composite photomicrographs can be prepared with two or more images.