Abstract: An optical apparatus for a lithography system comprises at least one optical element comprising an optical surface. The optical apparatus also comprises one or more actuators for deforming the optical surface. A strain gauge device is provided for determining the deformation of the optical surface. The strain gauge device comprises at least one optical fiber that maintains polarization.

Abstract: A process or use of at least one hydroxyl ether diamine for improving a process for froth flotation of silicates. Compared to the benchmark ether monoamines, ether diamines or mixtures thereof, the selectivity performance of the hydroxyl ether diamines is significantly better, delivering higher recoveries for the mineral of interest.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for synthesizing an aqueous N,N-dimethyl glucamine solution, characterized in that a formaldehyde solution is metered into an N-methyl glucamine solution in the presence of a metal catalyst at hydrogen pressure.

Abstract: A vehicle seat frame includes a back panel and a load carrier component attached to the back panel. The back panel includes a first polymeric matrix and a first plurality of fibers disposed therein. The load carrier component includes a second polymer matrix and a second plurality of fibers disposed therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing aqueous solutions of N,N-dimethylglucamine, characterized by first preparing an adduct of N-methylglucamine and formaldehyde in water at temperatures of between 15° C. and 40° C., and subsequently reacting said adduct to N,N-dimethylglucamine in the presence of a metal catalyst under hydrogen pressure at 20-68° C., followed by secondary hydrogenation at 70-120 bar and 70-110° C. once hydrogen absorption at 20-68° C. is completed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing aqueous solutions of N,N-dimethylglucamine, characterized by first preparing an adduct of N-methylglucamine and formaldehyde in water at temperatures of between 15° C. and 40° C., and subsequently reacting said adduct to N,N-dimethylglucamine in the presence of a metal catalyst under hydrogen pressure at 20-68° C., followed by secondary hydrogenation at 70-120 bar and 70-110° C. once hydrogen absorption at 20-68° C. is completed.

Abstract: A vehicle seat frame includes a back panel and a load carrier component attached to the back panel. The back panel includes a first polymeric matrix and a first plurality of fibers disposed therein. The load carrier component includes a second polymer matrix and a second plurality of fibers disposed therein.

Abstract: A vehicle armrest includes an armrest structure with a first shell made of a natural fiber composite material. The armrest structure also includes a second shell made of a natural fiber composite material. The first shell has a first contact portion that extends toward the second shell. The second shell has a second contact portion that extends toward the first shell. The first contact portion of the first shell is connected to the second contact portion of the second shell.

Abstract: A vehicle armrest includes an armrest structure with a first shell made of a natural fiber composite material. The armrest structure also includes a second shell made of a natural fiber composite material. The first shell has a first contact portion that extends toward the second shell. The second shell has a second contact portion that extends toward the first shell. The first contact portion of the first shell is connected to the second contact portion of the second shell.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing polyetheramines of the formula (1), R2 (NR1R3)n, in which n is a number from 1 to 20, R2 represents an organic radical that contains between 2 and 600 oxalkylene groups, and R1 and R3 are alike or different and represent hydrogen or an organic radical having 1 to 400 carbon atoms, by combining a compound of the formula (2), H(NR1R3), with a compound of the formula (3), R2 (OH)n, in the presence of hydrogen with a metal-containing catalyst whose metal content, based on the dry, reduced catalyst excluding any support material that may be present, is composed either of at least 80% by mass of cobalt or, in the case of Raney catalysts, of at least 80% by mass of metals from the group consisting of cobalt and aluminium, the catalyst containing less than 5% by mass of copper.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing amines of formula (1), wherein R3 is an organic group containing from 2 to 600 alkoxy groups and R1 and R3 groups are similar or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group containing from 1 to 400 carbon atoms. The inventive method consists in bringing a compound of formula (2) into contact a compound of formula (3) in the presence of hydrogen with a metal-containing catalyst, wherein the metal content in cobalt is equal to or greater than 80% by weight.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing polyetheramines of the formula (1), R2 (NR1R3)n, in which n is a number from 1 to 20, R2 represents an organic radical that contains between 2 and 600 oxalkylene groups, and R1 and R3 are alike or different and represent hydrogen or an organic radical having 1 to 400 carbon atoms, by combining a compound of the formula (2), H(NR1R3), with a compound of the formula (3), R2 (OH)n, in the presence of hydrogen with a metal-containing catalyst whose metal content, based on the dry, reduced catalyst excluding any support material that may be present, is composed either of at least 80% by mass of cobalt or, in the case of Raney catalysts, of at least 80% by mass of metals from the group consisting of cobalt and aluminium, the catalyst containing less than 5% by mass of copper.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing amines of formula (1), wherein R3 is an organic group containing from 2 to 600 alkoxy groups and R1 and R3 groups are similar or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group containing from 1 to 400 carbon atoms. The inventive method consists in bringing a compound of formula (2) into contact a compound of formula (3) in the presence of hydrogen with a metal-containing catalyst, wherein the metal content in cobalt is equal to or greater than 80% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides aqueous compositions comprising, as well as water, 75% to 90% by weight of alkyl polyethylene glycol ether sulfates which are a mixture of compounds of formula (1) R1—O—(CH2—CH2—O)x—SO3M??(1) where R1 is a branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 8 to 14 carbon atoms and at least one tertiary carbon atom, x is from 3 to 15, M is an alkali metal ion or an ammonium ion, with compounds of formula (2) R2—O—(CH2—CH2—O)y—SO3M???(2) where R2 is a linear alkyl or alkenyl group having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, y is from 3 to 15, M? is an alkali metal ion or an ammonium ion, wherein the mixing ratio of compounds of formulae (1) and (2) is chosen such that the compounds of formula (1) comprise at least 10% by weight and at most 99% by weight of the total amount of compounds of formulae (1) and (2).

Abstract: The invention provides compounds preparable by the reaction of fluorous silanes (A) RF—CH2—CH2—SiX3 ??(A) where RF is a fully or partially fluorinated alkyl radical, X is Cl or O—CnH2n+1, and n is an integer from 1 to 20, with one or more alcohols of the formula (B) R(OH)m(NH2)p ??(B) where R is a C— and H-containing organic radical and m and p are subject either to condition a) m?2 and p=0, or condition b) m?1 and p?1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for the production of long-chained quaternary ammonium oxalates and of long-chained quaternary ammonium hydrogen oxalates by reacting amines with dimethyl carbonate and further reacting the intermediate product with oxalic acid or oxalic acid dihydrate.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds preparable by the reaction of fluorous silanes (A) RF—CH2—CH2—SiX3??(A) where RF is a fully or partially fluorinated alkyl radical, X is Cl or O—CnH2n+1, and n is an integer from 1 to 20, with one or more alcohols of the formula (B) R(OH)m(NH2)p??(B) where R is a C- and H-containing organic radical and m and p are subject either to condition a) m?2 and p=0, or condition b) m?1 and p?1.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing arylpoly(oxalkyl)benzyl-dimethylammonium derivatives of the formula (1) which comprises reacting compounds of the formulae (2) and (3) where X=Br, Cl, R—SO3 with R=alkyl, alkylaryl R1=H, C1- to C16-alkyl or O—C1- to O—C16-alkyl in the ortho, meta or para position, R2=H, C1- to C4-alkyl or O—C1- to O—C4-alkyl, R3=H, C1- to C16-alkyl or O—C1- to O—C16-alkyl in the ortho, meta or para position, and n=1, 2, 3 or 4, at temperatures of from 60 to 160° C. in a solvent under the autogenous pressure.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing arylpoly(oxalkyl)benzyl-dimethylammonium derivatives of the formula (1) 1

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing an antimicrobial formulation by reacting a compound of the formula 1 (R1O)3Si—(CH2)3—X  (1) with a compound of the formula 2 (H3C)NR2R3  (2) where R1 is C1-C4-alkyl R2 is C8-C20-alkyl R3 is methyl or C8-C20-alkyl X is Cl or Br, excluding iodides, in a molar ratio of (1):(2)=1:0.9 to 1:1.4, which comprises conducting said reaction in a solvent conforming to the formula 3 where R4 is C1-C4-alkyl R5 is H or methyl R6 is H or methyl m is 2, 3, 4 or 5, subject to the proviso that when m is 2 R4 and R6 are not both methyl, and not removing this solvent after said reaction, or adding this solvent after said reaction. Further disclosed is an antimicrobial formulation obtainable by the process described above.