Abstract: An electrical or electronic data/document carrier as well as a method of communication, for the contactless transmission and/or for the contactless exchange of data and/or of energy, between at least one base/central station and at least one electrical or electronic data/document carrier in such a way that data and information cannot be read from the data/document carrier without the agreement, knowledge and/or assistance of the user or owner of the data/document carrier. The data/document carrier can be moved to and from between a first position defined as an unfolded or opened state and a second position defined as a folded or closed state, and the data/document carrier is coupled to the base/central station essentially only in the first position or essentially only in the second position or essentially only in a position between the first position and the second position.

Abstract: In order to further develop an electrical or electronic data carrier or document carrier (100) as well as a method of communication, in particular for the contactless transmission and/or for the contactless exchange of data and/or of energy, between at least one base station or central station, in particular at least one read/write station, and at least one electrical or electronic data carrier or document carrier (100) in such a way that data and information cannot be read from the data carrier or document carrier (100) without the agreement, knowledge and/or assistance of the user or owner of the data carrier or document carrier (100), it is proposed that the data carrier or document carrier (100) can be moved to and from between a first position (A) defined as an unfolded or opened state and a second position (B) defined as a folded or closed state, and that the data carrier or document carrier (100) is coupled to the base station or central station essentially only in the first position (A) or essentially

Abstract: A data carrier (1) which can be operated in a contact-bound mode and in a contactless mode and a circuit (2) for such a data carrier (1) has contact-bound interface means (3), contactless interface means (4), data processing means (22) and data transfer means (27) by which data received when the contact-bound mode is activated and when the contactless mode is activated can be transferred from the respective interface means (3, 4) to the data processing means (22), the data transfer means (27) being constructed to perform a logic OR function and, in conformity with this construction, when simultaneously data are received by the contact-bound interface means (3) and by the contactless interface means (4) to transfer said simultaneously received data to the data processing means (22).

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for generating a high DC voltage utilizes a voltage multiplier cascade which requires two alternating, non-overlapping pulse trains which are generated by a pulse generator. For given applications, for example, contactless chip cards, the supply voltage is derived from an ac voltage induced into a coil and rectified by means of a bridge rectifier. This gives rise to a voltage drop. When the pulse generator operates utilizing the supply voltage, the amplitude of the output pulses is lower, i.e. a further voltage drop occurs. Therefore, in order to overcome this limitation, the pulse generator does not derive the pulses for feeding the cascade from the rectified operating voltage, but directly from the ac voltage. This results in a higher amplitude and a better efficiency. Another feature includes the blocking of the pulse generator so that it does not represent a load to the ac voltage.

Abstract: For each IC and adapted circuit is accommodated on the same semiconductor substrate in order to define a specific initial state of the circuit groups, which generally consist of flip-flops. The use of the invention ensures a high constancy over a wide temperature range. Moreover, the spread in the tolerances of the circuit elements is substantially eliminated.