Abstract: An insulating glazing unit includes at least one spacer, which is shaped around the periphery to produce a spacer frame and delimits an inner region, a first glass pane, which is arranged on a first pane contact surface of the spacer frame, and a second glass pane, which is arranged on a second pane contact surface of the spacer frame, and the glass panes project beyond the spacer frame and an outer region is formed, which is filled at least in some sections, with a sealing element, wherein at least one RFID transponder is arranged in the outer region or in the outer edge region of the glass panes, and the RFID transponder contains a slot antenna.

Abstract: A slot antenna element is provided in the form of a rectangular waveguide including at least one slot situated in the center of one broad side, a rectangular ridge arranged in the center of the interior surface of the other broad side, wherein the slot and the ridge each extend along the longitudinal direction of the waveguide, coupling devices, particularly a pin, arranged in the area of the slot, which excite the slot to emit electromagnetic energy, and compensation devices constructed on the surface of the ridge facing the slot, which compensation devices compensate the mismatch of the waveguide caused by the coupling devices with respect to the generator feeding the waveguide with electromagnetic energy. The compensation devices are constructed such that the ridge has a step-shaped indentation in the area of the slot.

Abstract: A receiving array antenna with a variety of channels for converting received signals from receiving antenna elements (ANT) into an intermediate frequency signal (ZF) by using a circuit having one or several preamplifiers (LNA) and a mixer (MIX) connected in series, whereby a centrally generated local oscillator signal (LO) and calibration signal (CAL) are supplied to the circuit. A common distribution network (VNG) is available for the central oscillator signal (LO) and calibration signal (CAL), which is interconnected in such a way that the central local oscillator signal (LO) and calibration signal (CAL) is coupled into the circuit at the output of the receiving antenna element (ANT).

Abstract: An array antenna system with an electrically large array antenna comprises first and second antenna subarrays and, a combination transmission line network, which has an input for receiving an antenna line signal and outputs connected with the first and second antenna subarrays. The combination line network contains a phase shifting device for generating a phase displacement between output signals of the first output and of the second output before their feeding to the antenna subarrays; and devices are provided to compensate the phase displacement in the beam path of the antenna radiation emitted by the antenna subarrays.

Abstract: A continuous wave radar system includes a transmitter circuit for generating radar transmitting signals, a transmit/receive antenna, coupled to the transmitter circuit by way of a circulator, and a receiver circuit, which is coupled to the transmit/receive antenna by way of the circulator and which is intended to process radar echo signals of a target object. The radar echo signals are received at the transmit/receive antenna, wherein the circulator serves to pass the transmitting signals, generated by the transmitter circuit, to the transmit/receive antenna and to divert the target object's echo signals, which are received by the transmit/receive antenna, to the input of the receiver circuit.

Abstract: A slot antenna has a feeding waveguide extending in a longitudinal direction for guiding electromagnetic waves, with at least one slot constructed in a broad side of the waveguide for emitting an electromagnetic wave. The slot is surrounded on the exterior side of the waveguide by an arrangement for rotating the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the slot. According to the invention, the slot is constructed in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide and the arrangement surrounding the slot is a rectangular polarizer waveguide. One opening of the polarizing waveguide is connected with the broad side of the waveguide and the other has an aperture via which the wave excited by the slot in the polarizer waveguide is emitted.

Abstract: A system for functional testing in a continuous-wave radar having a transmitter circuit for generating radar transmit signals, a transmit/receive antenna coupled by way of a circulator with the transmitter circuit, and a receiver circuit whose input is coupled with the transmit/receiver antenna by way of the circulator, for processing radar echo signals of a target object received at the transmit/receive antenna. The circulator relays the transmit signals generated by the transmitter circuit to the transmit/receive antenna, and splits off echo signals of the target object received from the transmit/receive antenna to the input of the receiver circuit. An RPC circuit coupled between the output and the input of the receiver circuit suppresses those portions of the transmit signals that are split off from the transmitter circuit and/or reflected from the transmit/receive antenna directly into the receiver circuit.

Abstract: A receiving array antenna with a variety of channels for converting received signals from receiving antenna elements (ANT) into an intermediate frequency signal (ZF) by using a circuit having one or several preamplifiers (LNA) and a mixer (MIX) connected in series, whereby a centrally generated local oscillator signal (LO) and calibration signal (CAL) are supplied to the circuit. A common distribution network (VNG) is available for the central oscillator signal (LO) and calibration signal (CAL), which is interconnected in such a way that the central local oscillator signal (LO) and calibration signal (CAL) is coupled into the circuit at the output of the receiving antenna element (ANT).

Abstract: A mixer circuit including a mixer (MIX) for mixing the RF signal supplied to the mixer (MIX) and reinforced in a preamplifier (LNA) with an LO signal supplied to the mixer (MIX). A line (L1) common to the RF signal and the LO signal is connected with the input of the preamplifier (LNA). In addition, there is another line (L2) which the RF signal and the LO signal have in common, and which connects the output of the preamplifier (LNA) with the input of the mixer (MIX), the level of the LO signal being below the compression point of the preamplifier (LNA).

Abstract: A continuous wave radar system includes a transmitter circuit for generating radar transmitting signals, a transmit/receive antenna, coupled to the transmitter circuit by way of a circulator, and a receiver circuit, which is coupled to the transmit/receive antenna by way of the circulator and which is intended to condition radar echo signals of a target object. The radar echo signals are received at the transmit/receive antenna, wherein the circulator serves to pass the transmitting signals, generated by the transmitter circuit, to the transmit/receive antenna and to divert the target object's echo signals, which are received by the transmit/receive antenna, to the input of the receiver circuit.

Abstract: A system for functional testing in a continuous-wave radar having a transmitter circuit for generating radar transmit signals, a transmit/receive antenna coupled by way of a circulator with the transmitter circuit, and a receiver circuit whose input is coupled with the transmit/receiver antenna by way of the circulator, for processing radar echo signals of a target object received at the transmit/receive antenna. The circulator relays the transmit signals generated by the transmitter circuit to the transmit/receive antenna, and splits off echo signals of the target object received from the transmit/receive antenna to the input of the receiver circuit. An RPC circuit coupled between the output and the input of the receiver circuit suppresses those portions of the transmit signals that are split off from the transmitter circuit and/or reflected from the transmit/receive antenna directly into the receiver circuit.

Abstract: A slot antenna element is provided in the form of a rectangular waveguide including at least one slot situated in the center of one broad side, a rectangular ridge arranged in the center of the interior surface of the other broad side, wherein the slot and the ridge each extend along the longitudinal direction of the waveguide, coupling devices, particularly a pin, arranged in the area of the slot, which excite the slot to emit electromagnetic energy, and compensation devices constructed on the surface of the ridge facing the slot, which compensation devices compensate the mismatch of the waveguide caused by the coupling devices with respect to the generator feeding the waveguide with electromagnetic energy. The compensation devices are constructed such that the ridge has a step-shaped indentation in the area of the slot.

Abstract: A slot antenna has a feeding waveguide extending in a longitudinal direction for guiding electromagnetic waves, with at least one slot constructed in a broad side of the waveguide for emitting an electromagnetic wave. The slot is surrounded on the exterior side of the waveguide by an arrangement for rotating the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the slot. According to the invention, the slot is constructed in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide and the arrangement surrounding the slot is a rectangular polarizer waveguide. One opening of the polarizing waveguide is connected with the broad side of the waveguide and the other has an aperture via which the wave excited by the slot in the polarizer waveguide is emitted.

Abstract: An array antenna system with an electrically large array antenna comprises first and second antenna subarrays and, a combination line network, which has an input for receiving an antenna line signal and outputs connected with the first and second antenna subarrays. The combination line network contains a phase shifting device for generating a phase displacement between output signals of the first output and of the second output before their feeding to the antenna subarrays; and devices are provided to compensate the phase displacement in the beam path of the antenna radiation emitted by the antenna subarrays.

Abstract: A device for increasing the dynamic range of frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar includes a transmitter, a send/receive antenna, a receiver circuit and a circulator. The circulator relays the transmission signals of the transmitter to the send/receive antenna and sends the echo signals of a target object to the input of the receiver circuit, which generates on the basis of the transmission signals and echo signals an intermediate frequency signal having a differential frequency corresponding to the distance from the target object. A reflected power canceler circuit equipped with a control amplifier is provided between the input and output of the receiver circuit. The frequency response of the control amplifier is selected so that the degree of suppression drops to a predeterminable extent with an increase in differential frequency above the cut-off frequency of the control amplifier.

Abstract: A phased-array antenna, particularly for the radar frequency range, comprising at least a predetermined number of transmit/receive radiator elements arranged linearly and/or matrix-shaped, a power distribution as well as a phase shifter network and a transmit/receive change-over arrangement. The transmit/receive change-over arrangement includes a serial feed comprising a waveguide with coupling in/coupling out locations disposed along its length and to which the phase shifter network, and possibly a further power distribution network, is coupled and also the transmitting/receiving arrangements are coupled. With this arrangement, an otherwise needed transmit/receive switch, for example, a circulator, is not necessary.

Abstract: A microwave directional antenna, particularly for the millimeter-wave range, comprises a dielectric line with line discontinuities, affixed to a metallic ground plane. The dielectric line is a radial waveguide extending about a center where the feed is provided. A mode launcher is located at this center. In a preferred embodiment, the boundary of the dielectric line circumscribes a circle; the line discontinuities are preferably embodied as metallic strips arranged on the dielectric guide on circles about the center.