Abstract: A process for the production of fluorobenzaldehydes which comprises reacting a chlorobenzaldehyde with an alkali fluoride in a dipolar aprotic medium.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride from 2,2'-dichlorohydrazobenzene by treatment with aqueous sulfuric acid, which comprises treating the 2,2'-dichlorohydrazobenzene, dissolved in a water-immiscible aromatic solvent, continuously at temperatures of from about 20.degree. to about 50.degree. C. in the presence of an alkali metal salt of an alkyl (C.sub.8 -C.sub.23)polyglycol ether sulfate, with such an amount of from about 50 to about 80 % strength aqueous sulfuric acid that the suspension formed remains conveyable, subsequently diluting the suspension emerging from the reaction zone with water, again continuously, and subsequently heating the suspension to a temperature of from about 90.degree. to about 95.degree. C.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyaniline by catalytic reduction of 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxynitrobenzene with hydrogen in the liquid phase at an elevated temperature and elevated pressure, which comprises carrying out the reduction at temperatures from about 80.degree. to about 110.degree. C. and under a pressure of about 5 to 50 atmospheres gauge in an aromatic solvent in the presence of a modified platinum-on-carbon catalyst in the presence of about 0.01 to about 0.2 mole of a compound which gives a pH of 8 to 10 in aqueous solution, and in the presence of about 0.1 to about 1.0% by weight of an aliphatic, open-chain, primary, secondary or tertiary amine or a cyclic amine, in each case relative to the amount in moles and weight, respectively, of 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxynitrobenzene employed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of halogen-containing aromatic compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Hal represents fluorine, chlorine or bromine and Z represents an aromatic group which comprises reacting a halobenzene of the formula C.sub.6 H.sub.5 Hal (II) under anhydrous conditions with a halide of a bisacid having the formula Hal-CO-Z-CO-Hal (III) in a molar ratio of at least 2:1 in the presence of a haloalkane sulfonic acid of the formula Y(C.sub.n X.sub.2n)SO.sub.3 H (IV), in formulae II and III Hal and Z having the afore-mentioned meaning and Y representing fluorine or hydrogen, X at least one of fluorine and chlorine, but at least one X being fluorine, and n being an integer of from 1 to 10.The said bis-(4-halobenzoyl) compounds being useful monomers for chemically resistant plastics which are still resistant even at high temperatures.

Abstract: 2-Nitro-3-aminopyridine is prepared by(a) reacting 3-aminopyridine with phosgen COCl.sub.2 or urea H.sub.2 NCONH.sub.2 to give N,N'-di-(3-pyridyl)-urea,(b) nitrating and N,N'-di-(3-pyridyl)-urea with nitric acid or with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to give N,N'-di-(2-nitor-3-pyridyl)-urea, and(c) hydrolyzing said N,N'-di-(2-nitro-3-pyridyl)-urea to give 2-nitro-3-amino-pyridine.N,N'-di-(3-pyridyl)-urea and N,N'-di-(2-nitro-3-pyridyl)-urea, which are formed in the course of the reaction as intermediates are new compounds.The end product of the process, 2-nitro-3-aminonpyridine, is an intermediate in various specialized fields.

Abstract: Aromatic bromine compounds are prepared by reacting aromatic nitro compounds with elemental bromine in the gas phase at temperatures between about 310.degree. to 550.degree. C. In this reaction, the nitro groups are selectively replaced by bromine; further bromination of the aromatic system beyond that does not take place.

Abstract: The invention relates to filaments, fibers, pulps, films and sheets from a copolyamide which has at least the recurring structural units of the formulaeA --OC--AR--CO--B --NH--Ar'--NH-- ##STR1## and in which the diamine components B, C and D relative to the total amount of diamine components in mol-% are within a predetermined domain. Such copolyamides can be produced from the corresponding diamines and dicarbonyl dichlorides in aprotic solvents in the presence or absence of metal halides of the first or second group of the periodic table. The spinning solutions obtainable therein can be processed in conventional manner into the claimed shaped structures.

Abstract: Special cyclic enamides are prepared by splitting off alcohols catalytically from the corresponding alkoxylated cyclic amides, in the presence of at least one tetraalkylammonium and/or alkali metal salt of tetrafluoroboric acid and/or of hexafluorophosphoric acid as the catalyst, at a temperature of from about 120.degree. to 250.degree. C., distilling off the detached alcohol and isolating the formed enamide in known manner. Particularly preferred starting compounds are those cyclic amides which have been obtained by anodic alkoxylation of corresponding cyclic N-compounds in an alcohol in the presence of supporting electrolytes which are identical with the catalysts subsequently used for splitting off the alcohol, and by distilling off the alcohol from the reaction batch. The enamides are valuable starting products and intermediates for various syntheses, for example, syntheses of prostaglandins and of other pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: Novel alkoxy derivatives of N-substituted cyclic amines of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aralkoxy or aroxy group,R.sup.2 is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the chain,X is OR.sup.3 , where R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,Y is hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-O-alkyl, provided that in the case where R.sup.1 is an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Y is not H.

Abstract: .omega.,.omega.-Dialkoxycarboxylic acid derivatives I (amides and esters) are prepared by heating .omega.-alkoxylactams II with hydrogen halide in an alcohol. When using only a catalytical quantity of hydrogen halide, there are obtained the amides, when using a quantity of hydrogen halide which is at least about equimolar, there are obtained the esters of the corresponding .omega.,.omega.-dialkoxycarboxylic acids. Since the compounds I are acetals, they may be readily converted into the corresponding .omega.-formyl compounds. Both the acetals I and the corresponding .omega.-formyl compounds are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of for example prostaglandins, sexual attractants and antioxidants.

Abstract: Trimeric piperideins and trimeric pyrrolidine are prepared by saponification of 1-acyl-2-alkoxypiperidines or pyrrolidines of the general formula ##STR1## in which n means 2 or 3 R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical andR.sub.2 represents a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radicalIn aqueous and/or alcoholic solution in known manner in the presence of a strong acid or base and trimerizing the reaction product at a pH equal to or greater than 8. The compounds are valuable intermediates for the manufacture of alkaloids and other pharmaceutically effective substances and N-heterocycles.

Abstract: Novel alkoxy derivatives of N-substituted cyclic amines of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aralkoxy or aroxy group,R.sup.2 is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the chain,X is OR.sup.3, where R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,Y is hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)--O-alkoxy, provided that in the case where R.sup.1 is an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Y is not H. Several of the alkoxylated compounds are excellent fungicides.