Abstract: An ion source for chemical ionization of analytes at atmospheric pressure with a non-radioactive electron source in a vacuum chamber, includes, a reaction chamber at atmospheric pressure, and a window with an electron-permeable and essentially gas-impermeable membrane in between. The window may be a structured window membrane, i.e. a window membrane with a structured form comprising a multitude of structural elements, between the reaction chamber and the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: In an analytical spectrometer in which accelerated electrons are used to ionize analytes, a non-radioactive electron source uses a gas discharge to generate the electrons. The gas discharge is located in a substantially hermetic source chamber and the free electrons in the plasma of the gas discharge are accelerated in an electric acceleration region towards a partition wall which separates the source chamber from a reaction chamber. The partition wall is permeable to the accelerated electrons but impermeable to gas in the source chamber so that the electrons penetrate the partition wall into the reaction chamber and generate primary ions that chemically ionize the analytes.

Abstract: The invention describes an arc-quenching arrangement for an electrical service switching device, with a fixed contact piece, a movable contact piece, with an arc splitter stack having arc splitter plates, each arc splitter plate having a cutout which is open towards the arc formation point, has a V-shaped notch and tapers in the form of a funnel in the arc running direction, and the arc being guided into the arc splitter stack via a first arc guide rail, which is associated with the fixed contact piece, and a second arc guide rail, which is associated with the movable contact piece. The first arc guide rail has a first, rectangular section, which faces the arc formation location, and a second section, which adjoins the first section and is in the form of a rectangular trapezium and whose first limb extends at an angle with respect to the mid-longitudinal axis of the first section and away therefrom.

Abstract: The invention describes an arc-quenching arrangement for an electrical service switching device, with a fixed contact piece, a movable contact piece, with an arc splitter stack having arc splitter plates, each arc splitter plate having a cutout which is open towards the arc formation point, has a V-shaped notch and tapers in the form of a funnel in the arc running direction, and the arc being guided into the arc splitter stack via a first arc guide rail, which is associated with the fixed contact piece, and a second arc guide rail, which is associated with the movable contact piece. The first arc guide rail has a first, rectangular section, which faces the arc formation location, and a second section, which adjoins the first section and is in the form of a rectangular trapezium and whose first limb extends at an angle with respect to the mid-longitudinal axis of the first section and away therefrom.

Abstract: A configuration and method for bonding a thin metal layer to two workpieces, e.g. solar cells and film-backed/reinforced small contact strips including: (i) the backing film is removed from the solar cell; (ii) the two films/layers are pressed together; and (iii) the two parts are irradiated from the side of the rear contact of the thin-film solar cell. Preferably two or three laser treatment steps are used for removing the backing film of the thin-film solar cell in an ablation process by means of a short-pulse laser and riveting the first metal layer to the second metal layer by irradiating the same by means of a long-pulse laser.

Abstract: Body fluid testing device for analyzing a body fluid comprises a test media tape adapted to collect the body fluid. The test media tape comprises a tape and test media portions. A free tape portion without test medium is located between successive test media portions. The testing device further comprises a supply portion. The supply portion comprises a housing in which uncontaminated test media tape is contained. The housing further has an opening for withdrawing test media tape from the housing. The testing device further has a sealing means for closing the opening against the surrounding. A free tape portion of the test media tape is located between a wall of the housing and the sealing means when the sealing means closes the opening. Further aspects concern a test media cassette with sealing means and a method for providing test media while holding them sealed against humidity during onboard storage.

Abstract: In an analytical spectrometer in which accelerated electrons are used to ionize analytes, a non-radioactive electron source uses a gas discharge to generate the electrons. The gas discharge is located in a substantially hermetic source chamber and the free electrons in the plasma of the gas discharge are accelerated in an electric acceleration region towards a partition wall which separates the source chamber from a reaction chamber. The partition wall is permeable to the accelerated electrons but impermeable to gas in the source chamber so that the electrons penetrate the partition wall into the reaction chamber and generate primary ions that chemically ionize the analytes.

Abstract: An ion source for chemical ionization of analytes at atmospheric pressure with a non-radioactive electron source in a vacuum chamber, includes, a reaction chamber at atmospheric pressure, and a window with an electron-permeable and essentially gas-impermeable membrane in between. The window may be a structured window membrane, i.e. a window membrane with a structured form comprising a multitude of structural elements, between the reaction chamber and the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for adjusting the temperature of elements, especially adjusting the temperature of a projection lens (1) or of parts of a projection lens (1) for use in semiconductor lithography. Said device comprises a temperature-adjusting jacket (18) which is provided with at least one temperature-adjusting line (19). Said at least one temperature-adjusting line (19) is formed into the temperature-adjusting jacket (18).