Abstract: A process for the impregnating and priming treatment of mineral building materials of synthetic or natural origin using aqueous suspensions or solutions which contain at least one silicon-containing ion exchanger of the formula?(YO).sub.3 Si(CH.sub.2).sub.x !.sub.n EX (I)or an oligomer of this compound, whereinx signifies an integer of 1 to 12,n signifies an integer of 1 to 3, depending on EY signifies H, Na, K, Mg, Ca, BaE signifies a cation-exchanging or anion-exchanging group, andX signifies H.sup.+ or an alkali cation or alkaline earth cation or OH.sup.- or an anion,in a quantity of from 0.1 to 70% by weight, particularly from 10 to 30% by weight, based on the total quantity of the solution or suspension, with the treatment being carried out in a single stage or in multiple stages, optionally combined with a treatment with aqueous or organic emulsions or solutions containing hydrolyzable silanes and/or siloxanes.