Abstract: A liquid crystal display element which comprises a pair of substrates facing each other forming a cell gap therebetween and a sealing paste for bonding the pair of substrates and defining the cell between the substrates. The sealing paste is arranged to have an opening at a side edge of the cell for forming an injection port for injecting a liquid crystal in the cell. The port is sealed after the liquid crystal is injected in the cell. The display element further comprises a sealing member inserted onto the side edge of the cell at the position of the injection port. A clogging paste for covering and sealing the injection port is held within said sealing member.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition, comprising: a first liquid crystal material comprising 20 to 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of at least one liquid crystal compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.a second liquid crystal material comprising at least two kinds of liquid crystal compounds selected from compounds of the formulas: ##STR2## wherein R is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, the amounts of compounds (VII), (VIII) and (IX), based on the total weight of the composition, being up to 20% by weight, up to 20% by weight, and up to 10% by weight, respectively, anda third liquid crystal material comprising 2 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of one kind of liquid crystal compound selected from compounds of the formulas: ##STR3## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An ON electric field for turning on (allowing light transmission) a liquid crystal optical device and an OFF electric field for turning off (shielding light) the liquid crystal optical device are selectively applied to a liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal optical device. The ON electric field is applied so as to obliquely align liquid crystal molecules with respect to substrates constituting the liquid crystal optical device, thereby obtaining an ON state. The ON electric field has an electric field for driving the liquid crystal molecules and a non-electric field for generating a state wherein no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal molecules. The OFF electric field has an electric field for homeotropically aligning the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrates.

Abstract: The liquid crystal apparatus has a segment substrate and a common substrate. Segment electrodes are formed on the segment substrate, while common electrodes are formed on the common substrate. A liquid crystal composition is sealed between the segment and common substrates with a seal member. The segment and common electrodes, the liquid crystal composition and the seal member constitute an elongated shatter portion including light shutters arranged in two rows. Liquid crystal reservoir portions are formed between the substrates and coupled to the shutter portion. The liquid crystal reservoir portions are resilient and thus can be deformed to suppress a change in the pressure applied on the liquid crystal composition due to a change in the volume of the liquid crystal composition. As a result, the formation of bubbles in the shutter portion can be prevented.

Abstract: A two frequency addressing liquid crystal composition wherein a plurality of liquid crystal compounds are mixed such that the absolute value of a dielectric anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon.L of the composition, measured at a low frequency 1/10 a cross-over frequency of the composition, is larger than the absolute value of a dielectric anistropy .DELTA..epsilon.H of the composition measured at a high frequency 10 times the cross-over frequency.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a guest-host effect liquid crystal cell as a liquid crystal shutter which is arranged between a light source and a photosensitive drum to form a latent image on the photosensitive drum in accordance with a predetermined image obtained by light rays from the light source.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition contains at a predetermined mixing ratio: a first liquid crystal material of at least one compound represented by general formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms) and a second liquid crystal material of at least a compound represented by general formula (VII) among compounds represented by general formulas (II) to (VII): ##STR2## (wherein each of R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 is independently an alkyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms). The liquid crystal composition may optionally contain at least one compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR3## (wherein each of R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 is independently an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms).

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus has first and second liquid crystal substrates opposing each other. Segment electrodes are formed on the inner surface of the first substrate. Common electrodes are formed on the inner surface of the second substrate. Seal members seal a liquid crystal composition in a predetermined region between the segment electrodes and the common electrodes. Light shutters are formed by these electrodes and the liquid crystal composition sealed therebetween. In order to reduce influence of a hysteresis effect in the liquid crystal composition when a high frequency electric field is applied, the liquid crystal composition has a dielectric scattering phenomenon in which its dielectric anisotropy in response a low frequency electric field is larger than the absolute value of its dielectric anisotropy in response a high frequency electric field.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device of the present invention has a pair of liquid crystal substrates opposed to each other. A plurality of signal electrodes are formed on the inner surface of one of the paired liquid crystal substrates. Two scanning electrodes are formed on the inner suface of the other paired liquid crystal substrates. A liquid crystal material is interposed between the substrates. The liquid crystal material, signal electrodes and scanning electrodes form liquid crystal light shutters. The liquid crystal material is sealed only in a liquid crystal shutter section where the shutters are formed, so as to reduce capacitance between the signal and scanning electrodes. Materials which have a small dielectric constant are sealed in an area where the shutters are not formed between the signal and scanning electrodes.