Abstract: Described herein are various embodiments directed to microfluidic cell culture devices, systems, and methods. Embodiments of devices and systems disclosed herein may be used to grow and characterize one or more phenotypes of a cell sample. An apparatus may include an apparatus including a substrate defining a cavity, and further include a scaffold disposed within the cavity. The substrate and the scaffold may collectively define a set of channels including a first channel and a second channel. The first channel may be configured to receive and culture a cell sample during use. The second channel may be configured to receive a fluid during use. The scaffold may be configured to permit diffusion of the fluid through the scaffold and into the first channel.