Abstract: An optical device displaying an image of a blind spot includes a blind spot-side outward mirror disposed on a blind spot-side of a line of sight with respect to an obstacle; a blind spot-side inward mirror disposed to face the blind spot-side outward minor; an eye point-side inward mirror disposed on an eye point-side of the line of sight with respect to the obstacle; and an eye point-side outward minor disposed to face the eye point-side inward mirror. Each of the blind spot-side inward mirror and the eye point-side inward mirror has a plurality of reflection surfaces, and the reflection surfaces are arranged in parallel with each other and arranged at positions where the reflection surfaces partially overlap with each other.

Abstract: An optical device displaying an image of a blind spot includes a blind spot-side outward mirror disposed on a blind spot-side of a line of sight with respect to an obstacle; a blind spot-side inward mirror disposed to face the blind spot-side outward minor; an eye point-side inward mirror disposed on an eye point-side of the line of sight with respect to the obstacle; and an eye point-side outward minor disposed to face the eye point-side inward mirror. Each of the blind spot-side inward mirror and the eye point-side inward mirror has a plurality of reflection surfaces, and the reflection surfaces are arranged in parallel with each other and arranged at positions where the reflection surfaces partially overlap with each other.

Abstract: A film capacitor includes metalized films in each of which a metal electrode is formed on a surface of a dielectric film, the metalized films being stacked in a thickness direction. The dielectric film includes a high dielectric layer that has a relatively high content of a high dielectric filler, and a low dielectric layer that has a relatively low content of the high dielectric filler or that does not contain the high dielectric filler. The low dielectric layer is provided in at least one of a position between the high dielectric layer and the metal electrode, and a position on an opposite side of the high dielectric layer from the metal electrode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present anhydrous fuel cell electrodes comprise an anhydrous catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer, wherein the anhydrous catalyst layer comprises at least one catalyst, about 5 mg/cm2 to about 100 mg/cm2 of phosphoric acid added as a catalyzing reagent during formation of the catalyst layer, and a binder comprising at least one triazole modified polymer, wherein the triazole modified polymer comprises a polysiloxane backbone and a triazole substituent.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present anhydrous fuel cell electrodes comprise an anhydrous catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer, wherein the anhydrous catalyst layer comprises at least one catalyst, about 5 mg/cm2 to about 100 mg/cm2 of phosphoric acid added as a catalyzing reagent during formation of the catalyst layer, and a binder comprising at least one triazole modified polymer, wherein the triazole modified polymer comprises a polysiloxane backbone and a triazole substituent.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present inventions are directed to fuel cell electrodes in membrane electrode assemblies, and methods of making same wherein the fuel cell electrodes comprise a catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer. The catalyst layer comprises at least one catalyst, phosphoric acid and a binder comprising at least one triazole modified polymer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present inventions are directed to fuel cell electrodes in membrane electrode assemblies, and methods of making same wherein the fuel cell electrodes comprise a catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer. The catalyst layer comprises at least one catalyst, phosphoric acid and a binder comprising at least one triazole modified polymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid polymer electrolyte having a water cluster structure composed of hydrophilic groups and occluded water in a solid polymer electrolyte, characterized in that the water cluster structure difference corresponding to the difference between diameters of the pore and the bottleneck part in the water cluster structure calculated by the dissipative particle dynamics method is 15.4×0.072 nm or less. The solid polymer electrolyte has improved ionic conductivity.

Abstract: Provided is a vinyl polymer of a sulfonated monomer having a basic skeleton represented by the following formula (1), wherein x is 1 to 20 and n is 10 to 10,000. Also provided is a novel hydrocarbon vinyl polymer aimed at providing a hydrocarbon solid polymer electrolyte which can become a substitute for a fluorine electrolyte, and which has chemical and physical properties sufficient for practical use, yet can be produced at a low cost. Additionally, provided is a polymer electrolyte membrane suitable as the ion-exchange membrane of a solid polymer fuel cell by employing the polymer of a sulfonated vinyl monomer which has excellent film-forming properties and a large ion-exchange capacity (EW).

Abstract: Improved polymer-based materials are described, for example for use as an electrode binder in a fuel cell. A fuel cell according to an example of the present invention comprises a first electrode including a catalyst and an electrode binder, a second electrode, and an electrolyte located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The electrolyte may be a proton-exchange membrane (PEM). The electrode binder includes one or more polymers, such as a polyphosphazene.

Abstract: A proton-conducting material with superior proton conductivity under non-humidified conditions or low-moisture conditions, and with high thermal and chemical stabilities that can be produced easily and at a low cost. A fuel cell that can operate at high temperature under non-humidified conditions or low-moisture conditions. The proton-conducting material has a dry weight per chemical equivalent (EW) of an ion exchange group of not more than 250 and preferably not more than 200.

Abstract: A proton conducting polymer is formed by the copolymerization of a plurality of compounds, including a silicon compound comprising an organic chain, and a compound including at least one acid group. The polymer comprises a hybrid organic-inorganic matrix having acid groups linked through a linking group. The linking group may include one or more electron withdrawing groups. The electron withdrawing group may be a halogen.

Abstract: There is provided an electrolyte material for a fuel cell having a high proton conductivity even in a state without humidification or moisture. The object is achieved by the electrolyte material for a fuel cell having a proton conductive system at least comprising (a) a Brönsted acid and (b) a base having a lone electron-pair, wherein the base (b) has a structure in which one or more groups are added to a group having the lone electron-pair, and a total number of constitutional atoms other than H atom included in all the added group is three or less.

Abstract: A proton conducting polymer is formed by the copolymerization of a plurality of compounds, including a silicon compound comprising an organic chain, and a compound including at least one acid group. The polymer comprises a hybrid organic-inorganic matrix having acid groups linked through a linking group. The linking group may include one or more electron withdrawing groups. The electron withdrawing group may be a halogen.