Abstract: An electrophoretic display device is constituted by a substrate, a partition wall disposed on a surface of the substrate; a liquid layer, disposed in a container defined by the substrate and the partition wall, comprising electrophoretic particles and a dispersion medium; a first electrode formed at a position apart from the partition wall on the substrate, a second electrode formed along the partition wall; and means for applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. At the surface of the substrate defining the container, a resistance layer electrically connecting the first electrode and the second electrode is formed, and the electrophoretic particles in the container are moved between a surface of the partition wall and a surface of the resistance layer to effect display.

Abstract: In an electrode substrate used in a liquid crystal display device, a contact hole for connecting a signal line to a drain electrode of a pixel thin film transistor is provided in a position overlapping a pixel electrode in order to improve yields by reducing a short circuit between adjacent pixel electrodes. With this configuration, the contact hole does not exist at a boundary between the two adjacent pixel electrodes. Accordingly, the pixel electrodes do not suffer an influence of an electrode material remaining at a recess of the contact hole, and a short circuit between the adjacent pixel electrodes can be thereby prevented.

Abstract: A signal line driving circuit makes the polarities of video signals different from each other, the video signal being supplied to pixel electrodes adjacent to an arbitrary pixel electrode on both sides thereof in a horizontal scanning direction. The signal line driving circuit also makes the polarities of video signals different from each other, the video signal being supplied to pixel electrodes adjacent to the arbitrary pixel electrode on both sides thereof in a vertical scanning direction. A signal line driving IC outputs the video signal to each signal line group obtained by dividing a plurality of signal lines to a plurality of signal line groups composed of a predetermined number of the signal lines. A signal line switching circuit switches all of the signal lines in each signal line group sequentially during one horizontal scanning period.

Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid crystal display device comprising an array substrate, an counter substrate, and a liquid crystal layer which is held between the array substrate and the counter substrate and whose liquid crystal molecular arrangement is divided into a plurality of pixel areas controlled by the array substrate and opposite substrate. The array substrate includes a reflective pixel electrode for scattering a light incident via the counter substrate and liquid crystal layer. The reflective pixel electrode has a reflective surface in which a first undulation having a gradual inclined surface disposed in each pixel area and a second undulation having a plurality of convex portions as main scattering portions disposed in each pixel area are superimposed.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display portion and a control portion, and effects color display depending on image signals for three colors. The control portion includes means 10, into which the image signals for three colors are inputted, for generating a first display signal for determining a brightness of predetermined one color at the display portion and second display signals for determining a hue of other two colors or an intermediary color therebetween at the display portion.

Abstract: A reflector has protuberances and recesses in each pixel region. The distances between the respective peaks of each two adjacent protuberances in the pixel region are distributed in the range from 5 ?m to 15 ?m. The incidence of peak distances within the range of ±0.5 ?m from the most frequent peak distance ranges from 40% to 80%, and the area of regular reflection surfaces of the reflector tilted at angles of 4.5° or less to the principal surface of a substrate in the pixel region accounts for 35% or less of the area of the pixel region.

Abstract: A reflection member applicable to a liquid crystal display device is disclosed. The liquid crystal display device includes a reflective pixel electrode 19 formed on a matrix array substrate 11, a counter electrode provided opposite to the reflective pixel electrode 19 on a counter substrate 22, and a liquid crystal layer 27 held between the reflective and counter electrodes 19 and 25. The reflective pixel electrodes 19 have convex and concave portions 20a and 20b as light scattering elements. Centers of the convex portions 20a are disposed in lattice points of hexagonal lattices. Lattice parallel vectors are rotated around the radius center by an angle of about 60°, defined between the lattice points at both end portions of the pixel electrode, but, more suitably, the one ranging from 51.4° to 68.6°, i.e., 60°±8.6°. Such disposition of the light scattering elements reduces two dimensional periodicity as to the convex portions.

Abstract: In an electrode substrate used in a liquid crystal display device, a contact hole for connecting a signal line to a drain electrode of a pixel thin film transistor is provided in a position overlapping a pixel electrode in order to improve yields by reducing a short circuit between adjacent pixel electrodes. With this configuration, the contact hole does not exist at a boundary between the two adjacent pixel electrodes. Accordingly, the pixel electrodes do not suffer an influence of an electrode material remaining at a recess of the contact hole, and a short circuit between the adjacent pixel electrodes can be thereby prevented.

Abstract: A reflection member applicable to a liquid crystal display device is disclosed. The liquid crystal display device includes a reflective pixel electrode 19 formed on a matrix array substrate 11, a counter electrode provided opposite to the reflective pixel electrode 19 on a counter substrate 22, and a liquid crystal layer 27 held between the reflective and counter electrodes 19 and 25. The reflective pixel electrodes 19 have convex and concave portions 20a and 20b as light scattering elements. Centers of the convex portions 20a are disposed in lattice points of hexagonal lattices. Lattice parallel vectors are rotated around the radius center by an angle of about 60°, defined between the lattice points at both end portions of the pixel electrode, but, more suitably, the one ranging from 51.4° to 68.6°, i.e., 60°±8.6°. Such disposition of the light scattering elements reduces two dimensional periodicity as to the convex portions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises array and counter substrates, a liquid crystal layer held between the array and counter substrates and partitioned into a plurality of pixel regions in each of which the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is controlled from the array and counter substrate, and a reflection plate which is formed on the array substrate and scatters light entering through the counter substrate and the liquid crystal layer. Particularly, the plurality of pixel regions are formed in an approximately matrix manner, and the reflection plate includes types of projection-recess patterns each separated from another of the same type in at least one of the row and column directions of the pixel regions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a driving voltage supply line 115 connected to a transfer pad 116 through a contact hole 116a. The contact hole 116a is corroded under the open air in a prior art liquid crystal display device. According to the present invention, however, the contact hole 116a is provided in an air tight space between a display area 103a and a sealing material 300, e.g., underneath the sealing material 300. With this structure the contact hole 116a is not exposed to the open air so that its resistance to corrosion is significantly improved.

Abstract: A signal line driving circuit makes the polarities of video signals different from each other, the video signal being supplied to pixel electrodes adjacent to an arbitrary pixel electrode on both sides thereof in a horizontal scanning direction. The signal line driving circuit also makes the polarities of video signals different from each other, the video signal being supplied to pixel electrodes adjacent to the arbitrary pixel electrode on both sides thereof in a vertical scanning direction. A signal line driving IC outputs the video signal to each signal line group obtained by dividing a plurality of signal lines to a plurality of signal line groups composed of a predetermined number of the signal lines. A signal line switching circuit switches all of the signal lines in each signal line group sequentially during one horizontal scanning period.

Abstract: A reflector has protuberances and recesses in each pixel region. The distances between the respective peaks of each two adjacent protuberances in the pixel region are distributed in the range from 5 &mgr;m to 15 &mgr;m. The incidence of peak distances within the range of ±0.5 &mgr;m from the most frequent peak distance ranges from 40% to 80%, and the area of regular reflection surfaces of the reflector tilted at angles of 4.5° or less to the principal surface of a substrate in the pixel region accounts for 35% or less of the area of the pixel region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises array and counter substrates, a liquid crystal layer held between the array and counter substrates and partitioned into a plurality of pixel regions in each of which the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is controlled from the array and counter substrate, and a reflection plate which is formed on the array substrate and scatters light entering through the counter substrate and the liquid crystal layer. Particularly, the plurality of pixel regions are formed in an approximately matrix manner, and the reflection plate includes types of projection-recess patterns each separated from another of the same type in at least one of the row and column directions of the pixel regions.

Abstract: Each pixel electrode is connected to a signal line and a scanning line through a TFT while at least part thereof overlaps the signal lines. A plurality of shield electrodes having electrostatic shielding characteristic extend from an auxiliary capacitance line, which extends perpendicular to the signal lines, each along the signal line. Each shield electrode has a first electrode portion arranged to overlap only a side edge portion of one of two adjacent pixel electrodes and a side edge portion on a side of one pixel electrode of the signal line side edge portions, and a second electrode portion arranged to overlap only a side edge portion on the other pixel electrode. An overlapping width between the shield electrode and pixel electrode is larger than the overlapping width between the signal line and pixel electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has an array substrate and an opposite substrate arranged opposite to each other through a plurality of columnar spacers with a liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween. A plurality of wiring lines and coloring layers are provided over the array electrode. A frame pattern is formed on the array substrate at the outer side of the display area to prevent a light leakage at the outer peripheral edge of the display area. The frame pattern is so provided as to have a gap relative to the outermost peripheral side columnar spacers. At a gap between the frame pattern and the outermost peripheral side columnar spacers, a wiring line is provided with its portion formed in an overlapping relation to the frame pattern, thus blocking light.

Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid crystal display device comprising an array substrate, an counter substrate, and a liquid crystal layer which is held between the array substrate and the counter substrate and whose liquid crystal molecular arrangement is divided into a plurality of pixel areas controlled by the array substrate and opposite substrate. The array substrate includes a reflective pixel electrode for scattering a light incident via the counter substrate and liquid crystal layer. The reflective pixel electrode has a reflective surface in which a first undulation having a gradual inclined surface disposed in each pixel area and a second undulation having a plurality of convex portions as main scattering portions disposed in each pixel area are superimposed.

Abstract: To manufacture an active-matrix substrate, a metal film is formed on a glass substrate. The metal film has a first region and a second region, which lie between other regions of the metal film that will be gate lines and auxiliary capacitance lines. The first and second regions are removed in a process of making, in the metal film, through holes achieving ion doping. Thereafter, the metal film including the first and second regions is patterned, thereby forming gate lines and auxiliary capacitance lines. Hence, the first and second regions of the metal film are etched twice, without increasing the number of steps of manufacturing the active-matrix substrate. The probability of short-circuiting between any gate line and the adjacent auxiliary capacitance line is therefore low.

Abstract: Not only a signal line (27a) but also an adjacent signal line (27b) partly oppose a reflection pixel electrode (50a) through an insulating film to be capacitively coupled to the electrode. The area of that portion (27a1) of the signal line (27a) which opposes the reflection pixel electrode (50a) is almost equal to that of that portion (27b2) of the signal line (27b) which oppose the pixel electrode (50a). Therefore, the influence of the signal potential of the signal line (27a) on the reflection pixel electrode (50a) through capacitive coupling is nearly equal to that of the signal potential of the signal line (27b) on the reflection pixel electrode (50a) through capacitive coupling. Luminance differences between adjacent pixels (50a and 50b; 50b and 50c, . . . ) are reduced, thereby preventing crosstalk.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises an array substrate including a matrix array of pixel electrodes, scanning lines formed along rows of the pixel electrodes, signal lines formed along columns of the pixel electrodes, and a thin film transistors formed near intersections between the scanning lines and the signal lines and each serving as a switching element selected for applying a drive voltage supplied through a corresponding signal line to a corresponding pixel electrode in response to a selection via a corresponding scanning line, a counter substrate including a counter electrode opposed to the pixel electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer held between the array and counter substrates. The array substrate further includes shield electrodes each of which is capacitively coupled to two pixel electrodes located between two adjacent scanning lines and a signal line located between the two pixel electrodes and is set at a predetermined potential.