Abstract: A semiconductor device manufacturing method improves the yield of manufacturing semiconductor devices. There are provided an insulating film for covering multiple bonding pads, a first protective film over the insulating film, and a second protective film over the first protective film. In semiconductor chips, multiple electrode layers are coupled electrically to each of the bonding pads via first openings formed in the insulating film and second openings formed in the first protective film. Multiple bump electrodes are coupled electrically to each of the electrode layers via third openings formed in the second protective film. In pseudo chips, the second openings are formed in the first protective film and the third openings are formed in the second protective film. The insulating film is exposed at the bottom of the second openings coinciding with the third openings. A protective tape is applied to a principal plane to cover the bump electrodes.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, an exhaust purification catalyst (13), hydrocarbon feed valve (15) and particulate filter (14) are arranged in an exhaust passage. If temperature increasing control should be performed when a first NOX purification method is performed, injection of hydrocarbons for the first NOX purification method is performed with a predetermined period and injection of hydrocarbons for temperature increasing control is performed in a time period when injection of hydrocarbons for the first NOX purification method is not performed, the first NOX purification method being configured to purify NOX which is contained in the exhaust gas by injecting hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve with the predetermined period, the temperature increasing control being configured to increase a temperature of the particulate filter to remove particulate matters trapped on the particulate filter.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine of the present invention, an exhaust purification catalyst (13) and a hydrocarbon supply valve (15) are disposed in an engine exhaust path, and NOx contained in exhaust gas is purified by injecting hydrocarbon from the hydrocarbon supply valve (15) at a predetermined cycle. With respect to the injection amount per unit time of the hydrocarbon from the hydrocarbon supply valve (15), there is a difference provided between the first half and the second half of one injection time period, and in the first-half injection time period (Y), the injection amount per unit time of hydrocarbon is made to be less as compared to the second-half injection time period (X).

Abstract: A particulate filter for trapping the particulate matter which is contained in the exhaust gas is provided inside an engine exhaust passage. Additional fuel is secondarily injected from a fuel injector in an engine expansion stroke or exhaust stroke or hydrocarbons are secondarily added from an addition valve which is provided upstream of the particulate filter in the exhaust pipe. An amount of hydrocarbons which come from the fuel injector or addition valve and then adhere in the form of a liquid to the inflow end of the particulate filter, and an amount of particulate matter which reaches the inflow end of the particulate filter are respectively estimated. A degree of clogging at the inflow end of the particulate filter is estimated based on the amount of hydrocarbons and the amount of particulate matter.

Abstract: A semiconductor device manufacturing method improves the yield of manufacturing semiconductor devices. There are provided an insulating film for covering multiple bonding pads, a first protective film over the insulating film, and a second protective film over the first protective film. In semiconductor chips, multiple electrode layers are coupled electrically to each of the bonding pads via first openings formed in the insulating film and second openings formed in the first protective film. Multiple bump electrodes are coupled electrically to each of the electrode layers via third openings formed in the second protective film. In pseudo chips, the second openings are formed in the first protective film and the third openings are formed in the second protective film. The insulating film is exposed at the bottom of the second openings coinciding with the third openings. A protective tape is applied to a principal plane to cover the bump electrodes.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a laminated core including a plurality of poles arranged side by side in a circumferential direction, each pole having three or more magnet housing holes and magnets housed in the magnet housing holes. The manufacturing method includes: a step of preparing a lamination having the magnet housing holes; a step of injecting sealing resin into a pair of magnet housing holes arranged at symmetric positions with respect to a line extending in a radial direction of the lamination, with the magnets being disposed in the pair of respective magnet housing holes; and a step of injecting sealing resin into another magnet housing hole, with the magnet being disposed in the magnet housing hole.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a hydrocarbon feed valve (15) and an exhaust purification catalyst (13) are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. When releasing the stored NOx from the exhaust purification catalyst (13), usually combustion gas of a rich air-fuel ratio is generated in the combustion chamber (2) to make the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) rich. When releasing the stored NOx from the exhaust purification catalyst (13) in case where the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is low, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is made rich by injecting hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve (15).

Abstract: A method for purifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, including chemically reducing NOx that is contained in the exhaust gas when a concentration of hydrocarbons flowing into an exhaust purification catalyst is made to vibrate within a predetermined range of amplitude and within a predetermined range of period, wherein, during the chemical reduction, the NOx contained in the exhaust gas is reacted with reformed hydrocarbons to produce a reducing intermediate containing nitrogen and hydrocarbons, a reducing action of the reducing intermediate chemically reduces the NOx, and the NOx is chemically reduced without storing nitrates or with storing a fine amount of the nitrates in a basic layer of the exhaust purification catalyst.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a hydrocarbon feed valve and an exhaust purification catalyst are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. A first NOX removal method which injects hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve within a predetermined range of period so that the reducing intermediate generated thereby reduces the NOX contained in the exhaust gas and a second NOX removal method which makes the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst a first target rich air-fuel ratio by a period which is longer than this predetermined range are used. When the NOX removal method is switched from the second NOX removal method to the first NOX removal method, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst is made a second target air-fuel ratio which is smaller than the first target rich air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a hydrocarbon feed valve and an exhaust purification catalyst are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. A first NOX removal method which reduces NOX contained in an exhaust gas by a reducing intermediate which is generated by injecting hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve within a predetermined range of period and a second NOX removal method in which an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst is made rich by a period which is longer than this predetermined range are used. The switching temperatures ST and ST0 of the exhaust purification catalyst at which temperature an NOX removal method is switched from the second NOX removal method to the first NOX removal method, are made lower if the amount of NOX in the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst increases.

Abstract: A straight-flow exhaust purification catalyst (13) and a hydrocarbon supply valve (15) are arranged in the engine exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine. A region which is a limited portion of the upstream-side end-surface peripheral part of the exhaust gas purification catalyst (13), where there is a possibility of clogging due to deposition of fine particles in the exhaust gas, is predicted to be a fine particle deposition region, and an air-fuel ratio sensor (23) is arranged within an exhaust gas circulation region, which is downstream from the downstream-side end-surface peripheral part of the exhaust purification catalyst (13) and is downstream from the fine particle deposition region when viewed along the longitudinal axis of the exhaust purification catalyst.

Abstract: A three-way catalyst (20) having an oxygen storage function and an exhaust purification catalyst (22) are arranged in the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine. During medium-load operation of the engine the degree of lean of the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (5) is increased so as to increase the oxygen storage amount of the three-way catalyst (20) to the maximum oxygen storage amount, and the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (5) even after the oxygen storage amount of the three-way catalyst (20) has reached the maximum oxygen, storage amount is maintained at lean, after which the air-fuel ratio is returned to rich, and at this time, as the amount of poisoning of a noble metal catalyst when the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (5) is rich increases, the amount of time for which the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber (5) is maintained at lean is increased.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine wherein an exhaust purification catalyst and hydrocarbon feed valve are arranged in an engine exhaust passage and wherein the NOX which is contained in the exhaust gas is removed by injection of hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve by a predetermined period. Hydrocarbons are injected from the hydrocarbon feed valve toward the upstream side of the engine exhaust passage. When hydrocarbons are injected from the hydrocarbon feed valve by a predetermined period, the injection pressure of the hydrocarbons is made to gradually fall from injection start to injection end in the injection time period of each injection.

Abstract: The NOx storage catalyst and the NOx selective reduction catalyst are arranged in the engine exhaust passage. In the engine low load operating region, a combustion is performed in the combustion chamber under a lean base air-fuel ratio and the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber is made rich when NOx should be released from the NOx storage catalyst. In the engine medium load operating region, the base air-fuel ratio is made smaller, a degree of richness of the air-fuel ratio is made smaller, and a period in which the air-fuel ratio is made rich is made shorter so that an amount of ammonia which is produced per unit time when the air-fuel ratio is made rich falls compared with the time of engine low load operation.

Abstract: A three way catalyst and an NOx storage catalyst are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. In an engine low load operating region, a combustion is performed under a lean air-fuel ratio, and when NOx should be released from the NOx storage catalyst, the air-fuel ratio in a combustion chamber is made rich. In an engine medium load operating region, the base air-fuel ratio is made lower as compared with the engine low load operating region, and the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber is made rich at a shorter period as compared with the engine low load operating region. When the operating state of the engine is switched from the engine low load operating region to the engine medium load operating region, the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber is temporarily made rich, and the degree of richness of the air-fuel ratio at this time is stepwise lowered.

Abstract: In an engine, an exhaust purification catalyst (13) and a hydrocarbon feed valve (15) are arranged in an engine exhaust passage, and, a low pressure exhaust gas recirculation system (LPL) which makes exhaust gas downstream of the exhaust purification catalyst (13) recirculate is provided. If hydrocarbons are injected from the hydrocarbon feed valve (15), a carbon dioxide which is generated at the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is recirculated, and the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas which flows into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) temporarily drops. Hydrocarbons are injected from the hydrocarbon feed valve (15) in synchronization with this temporary drop in the air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A method of purifying NOX contained in exhaust gas, the method including a first NOX purification method and a second NOX purification method, wherein the first NOX purification method and the second NOX purification method include injecting hydrocarbons into an exhaust gas passage at predetermined feed intervals, wherein in the first method, the injected hydrocarbons are partially oxidized and an air-fuel ratio flowing into an exhaust purification catalyst is lean, and in the second method, the injection of the hydrocarbons occurs at intervals longer than the predetermined feed intervals in the first method, and an air-fuel ratio is switched from lean to rich.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with a hydrocarbon feed valve arranged in an engine exhaust passage. When injection control for injecting hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve for exhaust treatment is stopped, to prevent the hydrocarbon feed valve from clogging, hydrocarbons for preventing clogging are injected from the hydrocarbon feed valve when the engine is not discharging soot, that is, when the feed of fuel to the inside of the combustion chamber is stopped and, after hydrocarbons for preventing clogging are injected once, the injection of hydrocarbons for preventing clogging from the hydrocarbon feed valve is stopped until injection control for exhaust treatment is started.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed valve and an exhaust purification catalyst are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. A first NOX purification method which injects hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve by a predetermined period to thereby remove NOX which is contained in the exhaust gas and a second NOX purification method which makes the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas which flows into the exhaust purification catalyst rich to make the exhaust purification catalyst release the stored NOX when the NOX which is stored in the exhaust purification catalyst exceeds a first allowable value are selectively used. Hydrocarbons are injected from the hydrocarbon feed valve by the predetermined period, and when the NOX which is stored in the exhaust purification catalyst exceeds a second allowable value which is smaller than the first allowable value, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas which flows into the exhaust purification catalyst is made rich.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, an exhaust purification catalyst: (13), particulate filter (14), and hydrocarbon feed valve (15) are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. A low pressure exhaust gas recirculation system (LPL) is provided for making the exhaust gas downstream of the particulate filter (14) recirculate. If hydrocarbons are injected from the hydrocarbon feed valve (15), the carbon dioxide which is produced in the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is recirculated and the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas which flows into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) temporarily drops. At the time of regeneration of the particulate filter (14), hydrocarbons are injected from, the hydrocarbon feed valve (15) so as not to overlap with this temporary drop of the air-fuel ratio.