Abstract: An example operation may include one or more of receiving a blockchain request comprising a timestamp added by one or more endorsing nodes included within a blockchain network, identifying that the timestamp added by an endorsing node from among the one or more endorsing nodes is a modification to a previously added timestamp provided by the computing node, determining a reputation value for the endorsing node based on a difference between the timestamp added by the endorsing node and the previously added timestamp provided by the computing node, and transmitting the determined reputation value of the endorsing node to an ordering node within the blockchain network.

Abstract: An example operation may include one or more of receiving a blockchain request from a client application, determining a network latency between the client application and the endorsing node based on a network path between the client application and the endorsing node, extracting a timestamp from the blockchain request, determining whether the extracted timestamp is invalid based on the network latency between the client application and the endorsing node, and in response to determining that the timestamp is valid, generating an endorsement for the blockchain request and transmitting the endorsement to the client application.

Abstract: An example operation may include one or more of receiving a blockchain request from a client application in a blockchain network, receiving validity information of a timestamp included in the blockchain request from one or more endorsing nodes in the blockchain network, modifying the timestamp included in the blockchain request based on the validity information received from the one or more endorsing nodes, ordering the blockchain request among a group of blockchain requests based on the modified timestamp with respect to timestamps of other blockchain requests in the group, and storing the ordered group of blockchain requests within a data block among a hash-linked chain of data blocks.

Abstract: An example operation may include one or more of receiving a blockchain request from a client application, determining a network latency between the client application and the endorsing node based on a network path between the client application and the endorsing node, extracting a timestamp from the blockchain request, determining whether the extracted timestamp is invalid based on the network latency between the client application and the endorsing node, and in response to determining that the timestamp is valid, generating an endorsement for the blockchain request and transmitting the endorsement to the client application.

Abstract: A method for emergency communication includes encoding a message for visual display including a message to field and a message from field. The visual display is revealed to a reading device in communication with a broadcast center, which stores the visual display. The messages are decoded and sorted from visual displays at the broadcast center. On an index channel, a time and channel number for when a message body of the message will be broadcast on a message channel is broadcasted. The message body is broadcasted on the message channel.

Abstract: Text analysis includes determining one or more global analysis parameters based on backtranslation of a first corpus between supported languages. A new text analysis model is determined for an unsupported language based on the one or more global analysis parameters and a text analysis model for a first supported language. An input text is analyzed in the unsupported language with the new text analysis model.

Abstract: A method and system are provided. The method includes separating initial user-inputted data into terms. The method further includes determining which terms are identity-related terms relating to an identity of a user, and which terms are clarity-related terms relating to subject-matter clarity. The method also includes calculating a population. The population is a number of individuals satisfying the identity-related terms. The method additionally includes assigning, for each clarity-related term, a clarity level, representing a respective amount of clarity for a respective one of the clarity-related terms. The method further includes creating amended user-inputted data by amending the initial user-inputted data such that the population is greater than or equal to a first threshold, and such that the clarity level, assigned for each clarity-related term, is greater than or equal to a second threshold.

Abstract: A method and system for recording data including content in a recording medium on a computer apparatus. First encrypted data, obtained by encrypting the data using a medium key created for each recording medium, is recorded in a recording medium. Second encrypted data, obtained by encrypting the medium key using a public key, is recorded in the recording medium. A private key corresponding to the public key is not recorded in the recording medium.

Abstract: A method and system for recording data including content in a recording medium on a computer apparatus. First encrypted data, obtained by encrypting the data using a medium key created for each recording medium, is recorded in a recording medium. Second encrypted data, obtained by encrypting the medium key using a public key, is recorded in the recording medium. A private key corresponding to the public key is not recorded in the recording medium.

Abstract: Methods for supplying deficiency of a key in a set of keys stored in devices includes receiving information (key values) on the keys from each device. Each key is assigned to a node or pair of nodes in a tree structure(s). If a position of a key in the tree structure in a first set of keys is stored in a first device with its value and corresponds to a position of a key in the tree structure in a second set of keys stored in a second device with its value, the first device and the second device are grouped together. Where there is a missing key in the first set of keys, a key corresponding to the missing key from the second set of keys is found, or a key common in the first set of keys and the second set of keys is found.

Abstract: Methods for supplying deficiency of a key in a set of keys stored in devices includes receiving information (key values) on the keys from each device. Each key is assigned to a node or pair of nodes in a tree structure(s). If a position of a key in the tree structure in a first set of keys is stored in a first device with its value and corresponds to a position of a key in the tree structure in a second set of keys stored in a second device with its value, the first device and the second device are grouped together. Where there is a missing key in the first set of keys, a key corresponding to the missing key from the second set of keys is found, or a key common in the first set of keys and the second set of keys is found.

Abstract: Optimization of mobile telecommunications service during a power outage at one or more base stations, wherein optimization includes identifying one or more of a plurality of base stations to which non-emergency electrical power has been interrupted; determining an initial number of users in areas corresponding to the one or more of the plurality of base stations; generating a user location probability model and a user call probability model; scheduling initial battery power operation for the plurality of base stations; monitoring user calls and user movement after the battery power operation has started; updating the user location probability model and the user call probability model based on the monitoring; and updating battery power operation scheduling for the plurality of base stations.

Abstract: A method for emergency communication includes encoding a message for visual display including a message to field and a message from field. The visual display is revealed to a reading device in communication with a broadcast center, which stores the visual display. The messages are decoded and sorted from visual displays at the broadcast center. On an index channel, a time and channel number for when a message body of the message will be broadcast on a message channel is broadcasted. The message body is broadcasted on the message channel.

Abstract: A method for emergency communication includes encoding a message for visual display including a message to field and a message from field. The visual display is revealed to a reading device in communication with a broadcast center, which stores the visual display. The messages are decoded and sorted from visual displays at the broadcast center. On an index channel, a time and channel number for when a message body of the message will be broadcast on a message channel is broadcasted. The message body is broadcasted on the message channel.

Abstract: Verified snapshots are generated by obtaining, from one of a plurality of first nodes, a difference between a common data at a first time point and the common data at a second time point that is different from the first time point, generating a first snapshot of the common data at the first time point based on the difference, obtaining a hash of the common data at the first time point from one of the plurality of first nodes, and verifying the first snapshot at the first time point with the hash of the common data at the first time point.

Abstract: Verified snapshots are generated by obtaining, from one of a plurality of first nodes, a difference between a common data at a first time point and the common data at a second time point that is different from the first time point, generating a first snapshot of the common data at the first time point based on the difference, obtaining a hash of the common data at the first time point from one of the plurality of first nodes, and verifying the first snapshot at the first time point with the hash of the common data at the first time point.

Abstract: Optimization of mobile telecommunications service during a power outage at one or more base stations, wherein optimization includes identifying one or more of a plurality of base stations to which non-emergency electrical power has been interrupted; determining an initial number of users in areas corresponding to the one or more of the plurality of base stations; generating a user location probability model and a user call probability model; scheduling initial battery power operation for the plurality of base stations; monitoring user calls and user movement after the battery power operation has started; updating the user location probability model and the user call probability model based on the monitoring; and updating battery power operation scheduling for the plurality of base stations.

Abstract: Optimization of mobile telecommunications service during a power outage at one or more base stations, wherein optimization includes identifying one or more of a plurality of base stations to which non-emergency electrical power has been interrupted; determining an initial number of users in areas corresponding to the one or more of the plurality of base stations; generating a user location probability model and a user call probability model; scheduling initial battery power operation for the plurality of base stations; monitoring user calls and user movement after the battery power operation has started; updating the user location probability model and the user call probability model based on the monitoring; and updating battery power operation scheduling for the plurality of base stations.

Abstract: Methods for supplying deficiency of a key in a set of keys stored in devices includes receiving information (key values) on the keys from each device. Each key is assigned to a node or pair of nodes in a tree structure(s). If a position of a key in the tree structure in a first set of keys is stored in a first device with its value and corresponds to a position of a key in the tree structure in a second set of keys stored in a second device with its value, the first device and the second device are grouped together. Where there is a missing key in the first set of keys, a key corresponding to the missing key from the second set of keys is found, or a key common in the first set of keys and the second set of keys is found.

Abstract: Methods for supplying deficiency of a key in a set of keys stored in devices includes receiving information (key values) on the keys from each device. Each key is assigned to a node or pair of nodes in a tree structure(s). If a position of a key in the tree structure in a first set of keys is stored in a first device with its value and corresponds to a position of a key in the tree structure in a second set of keys stored in a second device with its value, the first device and the second device are grouped together. Where there is a missing key in the first set of keys, a key corresponding to the missing key from the second set of keys is found, or a key common in the first set of keys and the second set of keys is found.