Abstract: An optical sensor includes a light-emitting element configured to project light that changes with time; a light-receiving element including a pn junction and configured to directly or indirectly receive the light projected by the light-emitting element; a measuring section configured to measure an electric current generated based on an amount of the light received by the light-receiving element; and a bias application section configured to apply a bias to the light-receiving element, wherein the bias application section, before measuring the electric current generated based on the amount of the light received, applies the bias to the light-receiving element to cause either a forward current that flows when the light-receiving element is turned ON or a breakdown current that flows when the pn junction breaks down to flow through the pn junction.

Abstract: A recording medium is provided. The recording medium is used for inputting, into an information processing apparatus, a program for causing the information processing apparatus to perform information processing, wherein the recording medium includes an ID file used for storing an ID of the program in which the ID is encrypted by a key specific to the recording medium or specific to the information processing apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided, in which the image forming apparatus includes service modules for performing system side processes on image formation, wherein applications can be added to the image forming apparatus separately from the service modules, and the image forming apparatus includes an application launch part for referring to launch selection information indicating at least a location that stores one or more applications, and launching the one or more applications from the at least a location according to the launch selection information.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus including a recording medium setting part in which a recording medium is set is provided. The information processing apparatus includes a validity determination part for determining validity of a program by determining validity of validity determination data, wherein the program and the validity determination data are stored in the recording medium, wherein the validity determination part determines the validity of the validity determination data on the basis of a first comparison between a hash code generated from the program and a hash code obtained by decoding the validity determination data and a second comparison between machine specific data that is specific to the information processing apparatus and machine specific data obtained by decoding the validity determination data.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus including a recording medium setting part in which a recording medium is set is provided. The information processing apparatus includes a validity determination part for determining validity of a program by determining validity of validity determination data, wherein the program and the validity determination data are stored in the recording medium, wherein the validity determination part determines the validity of the validity determination data on the basis of a first comparison between a hash code generated from the program and a hash code obtained by decoding the validity determination data and a second comparison between machine specific data that is specific to the information processing apparatus and machine specific data obtained by decoding the validity determination data.

Abstract: A recording medium is provided. The recording medium is used for inputting, into an information processing apparatus, a program for causing the information processing apparatus to perform information processing, wherein the recording medium includes an ID file used for storing an ID of the program in which the ID is encrypted by a key specific to the recording medium or specific to the information processing apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that can include a plurality of applications is provided, in which the image forming apparatus includes: a displaying part displaying a screen used for selecting an application on an operation display part of the image forming apparatus; and an assigning part assigning a selected application that is selected on the screen to a function key when the function key is pushed for the selected application; wherein the function key is a key used for a user to select and execute an application from a plurality of applications.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided, in which the image forming apparatus includes service modules for performing system side processes on image formation, wherein applications can be added to the image forming apparatus separately from the service modules, and the image forming apparatus includes an application launch part for referring to launch selection information indicating at least a location that stores one or more applications, and launching the one or more applications from the at least a location according to the launch selection information.