Abstract: Engine control apparatus includes: an engine including an injector and ignition plug, and a controller configured to control the injector and ignition plug to switch combustion mode to a second homogenous charge compression ignition combustion of reformed fuel with ignition at required torque less than a first predetermined value, to a first homogenous charge compression ignition combustion of reformed fuel, obtained by reforming a portion of gasoline fuel into peroxide, without ignition at required torque more than the first predetermined value and less than a second predetermined value, to spark ignition combustion of gasoline with ignition at required torque more than the second predetermined value and less than a third predetermined value, and to diffusion combustion of reformed fuel without ignition at required torque more than the third predetermined value.

Abstract: Engine control apparatus includes: engine including injector configured to inject fuel into combustion chamber and ignition plug configured to ignite air-fuel mixture of fuel and air in combustion chamber; temperature sensor configured to detect temperature of engine; and controller configured to control injector based on temperature detected by temperature sensor. Fuel injected by injector is at least one of gasoline fuel and reformed fuel obtained by reforming part of gasoline fuel into peroxide. Controller controls injector so as to inject gasoline fuel at first target injection timing when temperature detected by temperature sensor exceeds predetermined temperature at starting of engine, and controls injector so as to inject reformed fuel at second target injection timing retarded from first target injection timing when temperature detected by temperature sensor is equal to or lower than predetermined temperature.

Abstract: Biomass gasification apparatus includes: gasification reaction furnace; upper supply unit configured to supply woody biomass and inert gas from above through feeding hole to furnace; lower supply unit configured to supply mixed gas containing inert gas from below to furnace; sensor configured to detect clogged state in which biomass is clogged in hole; and controller configured to control supply units to regulate upper supply flow rate of inert gas supplied by upper supply unit and lower supply flow rate of inert gas supplied by lower supply unit based on detection result by sensor. When clogged state is detected, controller increases upper supply flow rate to be higher than first flow rate and decreases lower supply flow rate to be lower than second flow rate so that sum of upper supply flow rate and lower supply flow rate is maintained at predetermined flow rate.

Abstract: Engine-control-apparatus includes: engine including injector injecting fuel into combustion-chamber and ignition-plug igniting air-fuel-mixture in combustion-chamber; and controller controlling injector/ignition-plug to switch combustion-mode based on required-torque of engine. Combustion-mode includes: SI-combustion of gasoline-fuel with ignition; first-HCCI-combustion of reformed-fuel without ignition, reformed-fuel being obtained by reforming portion of gasoline-fuel into peroxide; second-HCCI-combustion of reformed-fuel with ignition; and diffusion-combustion of reformed-fuel without ignition.

Abstract: Engine control apparatus includes: engine including injector configured to inject fuel into combustion chamber and ignition plug configured to ignite air-fuel mixture of fuel and air in combustion chamber; temperature sensor configured to detect temperature of engine; and controller configured to control injector based on temperature detected by temperature sensor. Fuel injected by injector is at least one of gasoline fuel and reformed fuel obtained by reforming part of gasoline fuel into peroxide. Controller controls injector so as to inject gasoline fuel at first target injection timing when temperature detected by temperature sensor exceeds predetermined temperature at starting of engine, and controls injector so as to inject reformed fuel at second target injection timing retarded from first target injection timing when temperature detected by temperature sensor is equal to or lower than predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A fuel production system and a fuel production method are provided which can efficiently perform adjusting of a synthesis gas composition by hydrogen supply, while suppressing the generated amount of carbon dioxide by a system overall. A fuel production system includes: a gasification furnace which gasifies a biomass raw material to generate a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide; a liquid fuel production device which produces a liquid fuel from the synthesis gas generated by the gasification furnace; a hydrogen supply pump which supplies hydrogen to a raw material supply area or a synthesis gas discharge area; a byproduct sensor which detects a byproduct amount generated inside the gasification furnace; and a controller which switches a hydrogen supply location by the hydrogen supply pump between the raw material supply area and synthesis gas discharge area, based on the byproduct amount detected by the byproduct sensor.

Abstract: A fuel production system and a fuel production method are provided which can efficiently perform adjusting of a synthesis gas composition by hydrogen supply, while suppressing the generated amount of carbon dioxide by a system overall. A fuel production system includes: a gasification furnace which gasifies a biomass raw material to generate a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide; a liquid fuel production device which produces a liquid fuel from the synthesis gas generated by the gasification furnace; a hydrogen supply pump which supplies hydrogen to a raw material supply area or a synthesis gas discharge area; a temperature sensor which detects a temperature of the gasification furnace; and a controller which switches a hydrogen supply location by the hydrogen supply pump between the raw material supply area and synthesis gas discharge area, based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: Production apparatus of triptane includes: carbon dioxide recovery unit configured to recover carbon dioxide from air; hydrogen generation unit configured to electrolyze water by renewable electricity to generate hydrogen; carbon monoxide generation unit configured to generate carbon monoxide from recovered carbon dioxide and hydrogen generated; methanol generation unit configured to generate methanol from carbon monoxide generated and hydrogen generated; acetic acid generation unit configured to generate acetic acid by reacting methanol generated with recovered carbon dioxide or with carbon monoxide generated; acetone generation unit configured to generate acetone and carbon dioxide from acetic acid generated; pinacolone generation unit configured to generate pinacolone from acetone generated; Grignard reagent generation unit configured to generate Grignard reagent from methanol generated; trimethyl butanol generation unit configured to generate 2,3,3-trimethyl-2-butanol by reacting pinacolone generated with

Abstract: Fuel reform apparatus includes: internal combustion engine including injector and configured so that compression-ignition combustion is carried out in combustion chamber; reform unit interposed in fuel supply path from fuel tank to injector and including reformer reforming fuel stored in fuel tank by oxidation reaction; and controller including CPU and memory. Controller performs: estimating progress level of oxidation reaction in reformer; and controlling operation of reform unit based on progress level of oxidation reaction estimated.

Abstract: Fuel reform apparatus includes: internal combustion engine including injector and configured so that compression-ignition combustion is carried out in combustion chamber; reform unit interposed in fuel supply path from fuel tank to injector and including reformer reforming fuel stored in fuel tank by oxidation reaction; ignition timing detector detecting ignition timing of fuel in combustion chamber; and controller including CPU and memory. Controller performs: determining whether fuel has been supplied into fuel tank; determining whether reforming is needed based on ignition timing when it is determined that fuel has been supplied; controlling operation of reform unit so as to reform fuel stored in fuel tank to supply to injector when it is determined that reforming is needed; and controlling operation of reform unit so as to supply fuel stored in fuel tank to injector without reforming when it is determined that reforming is not needed.

Abstract: Fuel reform apparatus includes: internal combustion engine including injector and configured so that compression-ignition combustion is carried out in combustion chamber; reform unit interposed in fuel supply path from fuel tank to injector and including reformer reforming fuel stored in fuel tank by oxidation reaction; ignition timing detector detecting ignition timing of fuel in combustion chamber; and controller including CPU and memory. Controller performs: determining whether fuel has been supplied into fuel tank; determining whether reforming is needed based on ignition timing when it is determined that fuel has been supplied; controlling operation of reform unit so as to reform fuel stored in fuel tank to supply to injector when it is determined that reforming is needed; and controlling operation of reform unit so as to supply fuel stored in fuel tank to injector without reforming when it is determined that reforming is not needed.

Abstract: Fuel reform apparatus includes: internal combustion engine including injector and configured so that compression-ignition combustion is carried out in combustion chamber; reform unit interposed in fuel supply path from fuel tank to injector and including reformer reforming fuel stored in fuel tank by oxidation reaction; and controller including CPU and memory. Controller performs: estimating progress level of oxidation reaction in reformer; and controlling operation of reform unit based on progress level of oxidation reaction estimated.

Abstract: Production apparatus of triptane includes: carbon dioxide recovery unit configured to recover carbon dioxide from air; hydrogen generation unit configured to electrolyze water by renewable electricity to generate hydrogen; carbon monoxide generation unit configured to generate carbon monoxide from recovered carbon dioxide and hydrogen generated; methanol generation unit configured to generate methanol from carbon monoxide generated and hydrogen generated; acetic acid generation unit configured to generate acetic acid by reacting methanol generated with recovered carbon dioxide or with carbon monoxide generated; acetone generation unit configured to generate acetone and carbon dioxide from acetic acid generated; pinacolone generation unit configured to generate pinacolone from acetone generated; Grignard reagent generation unit configured to generate Grignard reagent from methanol generated; trimethyl butanol generation unit configured to generate 2,3,3-trimethyl-2-butanol by reacting pinacolone generated with

Abstract: A production method of spark-ignition engine fuel, configured to produce fuel for a spark-ignition engine, includes: mixing a light naphtha with a cyclopentane.

Abstract: A combustion control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a spark plug for performing spark ignition of an air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, a plurality of coil pairs for generating spark discharge in the spark plug, and a fuel injection valve capable of injecting atomized fuel. Atomized fuel is injected into the intake passage, and a homogeneous lean air-fuel mixture is formed in the combustion chamber. The air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber is controlled to be leaner than a predetermined lean air-fuel ratio. A spark discharge start timing and a spark discharge continuation time period are controlled using the plurality of coil pairs. The spark discharge start timing is set to a timing advanced from the spark discharge start timing for igniting a stratified lean mixture, such that the air-fuel ratio in the vicinity of the spark plug is relatively small.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel reforming system that can convert gasoline into alcohol in a vehicle. Provided is a fuel reforming system (1) equipped with a reformer (15) having a reforming catalyst (152) that uses air to reform gasoline to produce alcohol, a mixer (14) which mixes gasoline and air and supplies the mixture to the reformer (15), and a condenser (16) which separates the gas produced in the reformer (15) into a gas phase and a condensed phase of which reformed fuel is the primary constituent; wherein the fuel reforming system (1) is characterized in that the reforming catalyst (152) is configured including a main catalyst for extracting hydrogen atoms from the hydrocarbons in the gasoline to produce alkyl radicals, and a catalytic promoter for reducing alkyl hydroperoxides produced from the alkyl radicals to produce alcohol.

Abstract: A fuel reforming system to reform a fuel to be supplied to an internal combustion engine includes a reformer, a first filter, and a first flow path. The reformer includes a reforming catalyst to reform a fuel including a hydrocarbon to produce an alcohol and benzoic acid as a by-product using air. The first filter includes a sodium catalyst to trap the benzoic acid produced by the reforming catalyst. The alcohol produced by the reforming catalyst passes through the first filter. Air passes through the first filter to reform the benzoic acid to phenol. The phenol is mixed with the alcohol produced by the reforming catalyst via the first flow path. Alternatively, the phenol is directly supplied to the internal combustion engine as a fuel via the first flow path.

Abstract: A fuel reforming device includes a reformer, a mixer, and a condenser. The condenser includes a first casing, a second casing, a fluid mixture flow portion, and a gas-liquid separator. The first casing extends from a bottom portion side of the condenser to an upper portion side of the condenser opposite to the bottom portion side to serve as an outer shell of a main body of the condenser. The second casing is disposed inside the first casing and extends from the bottom portion side to the upper portion side so that a prescribed space is provided between an inner surface of the first casing and an outer surface of the second casing. The fluid mixture flow portion is provided in the prescribed space so that a gas-liquid fluid mixture passes through the fluid mixture flow portion.

Abstract: A mixer to mix a fuel with air includes plural fluid inlets, at least one fluid outlet, a casing, a plurality of stirring blades, and a particle material or a porous material. The casing has a substantially tubular shape extending in an axial direction of the casing between the plural fluid inlets and the at least one fluid outlet. The plurality of stirring blades are provided in the casing to align in the axial direction so that a torsional turning direction of the plurality of stirring blades is sequentially reversed in an order of alignment. The particle material or a porous material is disposed in the casing to fill an entire space containing the plurality of stirring blades from the plural fluid inlets to the at least one fluid outlet. Sizes of gaps existing in the entire space are less than a quenching distance of the fuel.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel reforming system that can convert gasoline into alcohol in a vehicle. Provided is a fuel reforming system (1) equipped with a reformer (15) having a reforming catalyst (152) that uses air to reform gasoline to produce alcohol, a mixer (14) which mixes gasoline and air and supplies the mixture to the reformer (15), and a condenser (16) which separates the gas produced in the reformer (15) into a gas phase and a condensed phase of which reformed fuel is the primary constituent; wherein the fuel reforming system (1) is characterized in that the reforming catalyst (152) is configured including a main catalyst for extracting hydrogen atoms from the hydrocarbons in the gasoline to produce alkyl radicals, and a catalytic promoter for reducing alkyl hydroperoxides produced from the alkyl radicals to produce alcohol.