Abstract: An active liquid crystal matrix display panel has a plurality of display-driving circuit elements arranged in a matrix on one of the cell substrates, the circuit elements being interconnected by bus-bars. The circuit elements are produced by a group exposure method. The bus-bars are formed wider at the group exposure boundaries so as to ensure continuity of the bus-bars.

Abstract: A thin film transistor which includes an insulative substrate, and a gate electrode, a gate insulating film, a semi-conductor film, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, which are all laminated in that order onto the insulating substrate in the form of an array. The gate electrode is made of tantalum, and the gate insulating film is formed into a double-layered construction of an anodized tantalum film and a silicon nitride film, while the semi-conductor film is provided at each intersection between the gate electrode and the source electrode.

Abstract: A thin film transistor which includes an insulative substrate, and a gate electrode, a gate isulating film, a semi-conductor film, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, which are all laminated in that order onto the insulating substrate in the form of an array. The gate electrode is made of tantalum, and the gate insulating film is formed into a double-layered construction of an anodized tantalum film and a silicon nitride film, while the semi-conductor film is provided at each intersection between the gate electrode and the source electrode.This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 057,743 filed on June 3, 1987, abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 797,660 filed on Nov. 13, 1985, now abandoned.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) of a self-aligned structure, wherein a pair of a source electrode and a drain electrode are formed in alignment with a gate electrode and in contact with low resistance areas formed at both side portions of a semiconductor layer deposited on an insulating substrate. The low resistance areas are formed by the diffusion of metal atoms through heat-treatment.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device in which the redox layer of the counter-electrode is formed by burning a mixture of a self-film-forming compound such as manganese nitrate and a carbon type electroconductive material such as non-woven fabric of carbon fibers without use of any binder.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device is characterized by comprising a counter electrode, opposed to a plurality of display segmented electrodes, for absorbing a charge present in some colored display segments. Thereafter, the counter electrode provides a refreshing charge to said some segments from which charge has been taken off. A total amount of charge, defined as the amount of charge necessary for coloring all the display electrodes, is kept constant by refreshing.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device comprises a plurality of display segmented electrodes and first additional electrodes, a layer of an electrochromic material in contact with each of the display segmented electrodes and the first additional electrodes, a first connecting circuit for selectively connecting each of the display segmented electrodes into one of two groups, depending on a display pattern to be indicated, a counting circuit for counting the electrodes and determining the difference in display area between the two groups of display segmented electrodes, a circuit responsive to the difference in display area for connecting each of the first additional electrodes into one of the two groups of the display segmented electrodes, a power supply for supplying power to each of the two groups of the first additional electrodes and the display segmented electrodes, and a second additional electrode for keeping the total amount of charge for coloring all the display electrodes constant.

Abstract: An electro-chromic display in which the outer frame of the display cell confining an electrolyte is defined by a pair of oppositely disposed substrates, the peripheral edges of the substrates being joined sealingly to each other with an addition reaction type silicone resin adhesive containing fine powder of an inorganic substance such as aluminum, alumina, titanium oxide, silicon oxide or boron nitride which prevents decrease of said electrolyte.

Abstract: Electrochromic display device in which a display electrode is formed by depositing electrochromic material to a required configuration on a transparent conductive film comprising a portion contacted by the electrochromic material and a portion constituting a lead extension for connection to an external circuit, and both the conductive film lead extension and electrochromic material are covered by a layer of material which permits passage of ions between an electrolyte and the electrochromic material but is an insulator with respect to electrons, and thus colored display may be effected in a required manner but damage of the conductive film is prevented.

Abstract: A method of driving an electrochromic display device and the electrochromic display device therefor the latter including an electrochromic display cell having two opposed substrates at least one of which is transparent, a plurality of electrodes respectively applied to the opposed substrates and an electrochromic substance held in contact with said plurality of electrodes between said opposed substrates so as to reversibly vary its light absorbing characteristics by an electric current applied to the electrodes, and a driving circuit coupled to the electrochromic display cell for driving the latter, wherein erasing the display of the electrochromic cell is done in such a manner that the erasing current will be stopped eventually by the electrochromic substance itself in order to secure complete erasure.

Abstract: In an electrochromic display device including an electro-chromic layer comprising a film made of amorphous tungsten oxide (WO.sub.3), the device is fabricated under the ambience of both a relative humidity below 60% and an absolute humidity below 1.17.times.10.sup.-2 Kg/Kg to assure electro-optical properties of the electrochromic display device.

Abstract: A porous separator used for an electrochromic display cell is treated by lyophilic methods so as to be impregnated by an electrolyte. The lyophilic treatment makes it possible to assure that the electrolyte is well impregnated into the porous separator. An angle of contact between the porous film and the electrolyte is selected within an amount less than 20 degrees. A cavity is introduced into the electrochromic display cell, which does not contain the electrolyte therein for the absorption of the cubic expansion of the electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrochromic display disclosed herein is compatible with diversification of information to be displayed. A background plate bears a stationary display pattern printed thereon. An electrochromic phenomenon takes place between a pair of electrodes in association with the stationary display pattern.

Abstract: An electrochromic display comprising a display electrode and a counter electrode which form a cavity therebetween like a sandwich, the former consisting of a transparent conductive coating and a layer of transition metal oxide which varies reversibly in the light absorption spectrum upon application of current and the latter consisting of a conductive coating and a reversible charge exchange system. An electrolyte is injected into the cavity. A porous ceramics plate is positioned in contact with the display electrode and the counter electrode. This application is a continuation of copending application Ser. No. 760,521, filed on Jan. 19, 1977, now abandoned.

Abstract: A first transparent conductive film is formed on a glass substrate. A second transparent conductive film is formed on the first transparent conductive film with intervention of a protective insulation film. The second transparent conductive film is electrically connected to the first transparent conductive film directly or through pin holes formed in the protective insulation film. An inorganic solid film which manifests the electrochromic phenomenon is formed on the second transparent conductive film.

Abstract: A transparent electrode is formed on a transparent substrate in a desired configuration. An electrochromic layer is formed on the entire surface of the transparent substrate inclusive of the surface of the transparent electrode. The electrochromic layer is initially placed in the coloration state. A back layer which exhibits color sensation different from that of the coloration state of the electrochromic layer is disposed above the electrochromic layer. A desired electrode is selected to bleach the electrochromic layer formed thereon, through which the back layer is recognized, thereby displaying a desired pattern in the negative type.

Abstract: An electrochromic display cell comprising a display electrode coated with a WO.sub.3 film, and an electrolyte disposed in the electrochromic display cell as an ion source. The electrolyte comprises .gamma.-Butyrolactone mixed with LiClO.sub.4, NaClO.sub.4 or LiBF.sub.4. The WO.sub.3 film is formed on the display electrode under the condition where the substrate is heated up to 250.degree. C. through 400.degree. C.