Abstract: A high water-repellent composition includes: a ultrafine pigment whose surface is treated with a monooctyl silane and whose primary particle diameter is in a range of 1 nm to 15 ?m, a silicone resin and/or liquid silicon rubber, and a volatile solvent. The content of the ultrafine pigment surface-treated with monooctyl silane is in a range of 40 to 80 percent by weight relative to the weight of the composition excluding the volatile solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surface-treating agent to form fine roughness on the surface of a material and more specifically a surface treating-agent which forms fine roughness on the surface of a material and is easy to process, thereby being useful for materials for highly water-repellent glass, lenses and fabric, materials with an excellent anti-soiling property, panels having an excellent light scattering property, illumination of optical fiber and the like, materials and coatings to prevent accumulation and adhesion of snow or icicle formation on antennas, wires and steel towers, and roughness formation on the surface of semiconductor substrates; the treated materials; and a method of surface treatment to develop the roughness.

Abstract: A method for preparing numerical control data for a machine tool by displaying various kinds of operation information on a display for causing data necessary for preparing the numerical control data to be inputted and by inputting the data in accordance with the displayed information, comprising the steps of selecting a working operation input screen for inputting working operations in accordance with first indications on the display, inputting working operations at the selected working operation input screen, selecting a working program input screen for inputting working programs, and inputting data in accordance with second indications of input items required for working operations, the second indications being displayed on the display by reading inputted working operations. As a result, a series of working programs are inputted to prepare the numerical control data.

Abstract: A control device for a copier is disclosure which detects an error of a drive system and which drives a photoconductive element. The device includes a motor and uses an output of a toner sensor responsive to the density of a toner image which is formed on the photoconductive element. The control device checks the drive system for an error by computing output data of the toner sensor appearing when the photoconductive element is rotated by the drive system and when it is held in a halted mode.

Abstract: A controller for controlling a bias power source associated with, for example, a developing unit of an electrophotographic copier such that a bias voltage to be applied to the developing unit for the adjustment of image density is variable in level. The controller includes a central processing unit in which a timer/event counter is built in for delivering a trigger pulse signal to trigger the power source. In order to produce a bias voltage associated with a desired density level, the trigger pulse signal is subjected to pulse width modulation control at a period which is far shorter than an output time consant of the power source.

Abstract: A thread cutting machine is provided with a control system in which, according to one aspect, the rotation of the spindle is controlled in the synchronous manner following up the feed amount of the spindle head and the rotation instruction is computed in accordance with the feed deviation, In another aspect, the feed of the spindle head is controlled in the synchronous manner following up the rotation of the spindle and the feed instruction is computed in accordance with the rotation deviation. In a further aspect, the rotation instruction is operated in accordance with the feed speed and the feed acceleration. In still a further aspect, the feed instruction is computed in accordance with the rotation speed and the rotation acceleration. In the preferred embodiments disclosed herein, the synchronism between the rotation of the spindle and the feed of the spindle head can be remarkably improved with various control modes, thus achieving the high speed thread cutting working with high accuracy.

Abstract: A document size detecting apparatus for a copier and others is disclosed which is capable of identifying the size of a document by use of photosensors the numbers of which is smaller than that of the kinds of documents. A scanner is loaded with a pair of photosensors, or light-sensitive elements, which are spaced from each other in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which a scanner scans a document, the photosensors sensing light which is reflected by a document. A length of a document is determined based on a distance travelled by the scanner from a document scanning start position which is in turn calculated based on a light sensing condition of one of the photosensors, while a width of the document is determined based on a light sensing condition of the other photosensor.

Abstract: A machine tool includes a plurality of storage means for storing preworking steps, tool information, and a working program for a large variety of working operations to be performed or workpieces of various shapes and materials. An operation control means determines from an operator the shape and material of a workpiece to be machined and then accesses the stored information to identify the tools necessary, the sequence of tool use, and the specific working operations to be performed to accomplish the desired machining.

Abstract: A machine tool for machining a workpiece by feeding a cutting tool into the workpiece in a series of discrete steps wherein a constant value is stored for each of those steps, a calculation is performed responsive to the value of a variable factor affecting operation of the cutting tool, such as cutting tool diameter and/or workpiece material coefficient, to calculate for each of the discrete steps a feed value as a function of the corresponding constant value for that step and as a function of the value of that factor. Control means is provided for feeding the cutting tool into the workpiece as a function of the feed values thus calculated for a plurality of steps. Upon completion of feeding for any one step, the cutting tool is at least partially withdrawn from the workpiece and the cutting tool is subsequently feed into the workpiece as a function of the feed value of the next step.