Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides an image processing method, the method comprising: acquiring a plurality of viewpoint images; generating a contrast distribution from the plurality of viewpoint images; and generating an output image by performing image processing in accordance with the contrast distribution with respect to an image based on the plurality of viewpoint images.

Abstract: A transfer device includes an intermediate transfer belt having a surface to which a toner image may be transferred and solid lubricant particles are attached, a primary transfer member performing primary transfer of a toner image to the surface of the intermediate transfer belt, a secondary transfer member performing secondary transfer of the toner image to a surface of a recording medium, and a detection device detecting a density of the toner image and has a light irradiation unit irradiating the surface of the intermediate transfer belt and a light receiving unit receiving reflected light, in which a relationship between a volume-average particle size A (nm) of the solid lubricant particles attached to the surface of the intermediate transfer belt and a wavelength B (nm) of the light radiated from the light irradiation unit satisfies the following Expression: Expression 1:B>A×8.6+300.

Abstract: A focus detection apparatus comprising: an acquisition unit that acquires a pair of focus detection signals having parallax in one of a plurality of different directions for each pixel from signals of a plurality of pixels output from an image sensor; a separation unit that separates the focus detection signals for each of the directions of the parallax; a detection unit that detects a focus state based on first focus detection signals having parallax in a predetermined first direction; and a rearrangement unit that rearranges second focus detection signals having parallax in a predetermined second direction which is different from the first direction so as to change the direction of the parallax of the second focus detection signals to the first direction. The detection unit further detects a focus state based on the rearranged second focus detection signals.

Abstract: A plurality of microlenses arranged in a matrix in first and second directions orthogonal to each other; a plurality of photoelectric conversion portions, provided for each microlens of at least some of the plurality of microlenses, that perform photoelectric conversion on light that has entered the photoelectric conversion portions via the respective microlens; and a readout unit that sequentially reads out signals from the plurality of photoelectric conversion units with the first direction being a main scanning direction and the second direction being a sub-scanning direction are provided. The plurality of photoelectric conversion portions are arranged in at least one of the first and second directions, and an electric charge crosstalk rate between a plurality of photoelectric conversion portions arranged in the first direction is higher than an electric charge crosstalk rate between a plurality of photoelectric conversion portions arranged in the second direction.

Abstract: A plurality of microlenses arranged in a matrix in first and second directions orthogonal to each other, and a plurality of photoelectric conversion portions provided for each microlens of at least some of the plurality of microlenses and configured to perform photoelectric conversion on light that has entered the photoelectric conversion portions via the each microlens are provided. The plurality of photoelectric conversion portions are arranged in at least one of the first and second directions for the plurality of photoelectric conversion portions, and in a case where influence of noise superimposed on signals read out from the plurality of photoelectric conversion units is greater in the second direction than in the first direction, the electric charge crosstalk rate between the plurality of photoelectric conversion units in the first direction is made higher than the electric charge crosstalk rate in the second direction.

Abstract: An image sensor in which a length of a pixel portion in a first direction is longer than a length of the pixel portion in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The pixel portion includes: a plurality of microlenses arranged in a matrix in the first direction and the second direction, and a plurality of photoelectric conversion portions provided for each microlens of at least some of the plurality of microlenses and configured to perform photoelectric conversion on light that has entered the photoelectric conversion portions via the each microlens. The plurality of photoelectric conversion portions are arranged in at least one of the first and second directions, and an electric charge crosstalk rate between a plurality of photoelectric conversion portions arranged in the first direction is higher than that between a plurality of photoelectric conversion portions arranged in the second direction.

Abstract: A casing of a centrifugal compressor has a first wall facing a back surface of an impeller. A back gap is formed between the back surface of the impeller and the first wall. A specific speed of the impeller is set to be less than 0.1. A ratio of an axial width s of the back gap to an impeller radius r satisfies a relationship of 0.008?s/r?0.5, where the axial width s is a width of the back gap in an axial direction of the shaft, and the impeller radius r is a radius of the impeller.

Abstract: A turbomachine includes a rotary shaft, an impeller, a casing, a prime mover separated from the impeller in an axial direction, and a seal portion sealing between the impeller side and the prime mover side. The impeller has an impeller suction portion into which fluid is sucked and an impeller discharge portion from which the fluid is discharged. The seal portion has a rotary seal portion provided on the rotary shaft and a fixed seal portion provided on the casing. The rotary seal portion and the fixed seal portion are spaced apart from each other in a radial direction, extend in the axial direction, and form a leakage flow path through which the fluid discharged from the impeller discharge portion leaks from the impeller side to the prime mover side. The maximum seal diameter of the leakage flow path is greater than the inlet diameter of the impeller suction portion.

Abstract: An apparatus includes pixels on a substrate. Each pixel includes a first portion, a second, and a microlens. The substrate has a first surface on an incidence side and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and includes an inter-pixel portion isolating adjacent pixels from each other, and an intra-pixel portion isolating the first and second portions from each other. The inter-pixel portion includes a first region located adjacently to the first surface, and a second region located adjacently to the second surface. The intra-pixel portion includes a third region located adjacently to the first surface, and a fourth region located adjacently to the second surface. The first and third regions are shifted with respect to the second and fourth regions, respectively, in an identical direction that is a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the intra-pixel portion in plan view from the first surface.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an image sensor, and a processor that configured to detect a phase difference between a pair of detection signals generated by signals read out of at least a part of pixels, perform a first detection for detecting the phase difference in the first direction and a second detection for detecting the phase difference in the second direction, perform first processing for acquiring the information by the first detection or the second detection in a case where a shutter speed including a period during which the pair of detection signals are generated is longer than a predetermined time, perform second processing for acquiring the information by the first detection irrespective of the second detection in a case where the shutter speed is shorter than the predetermined time, and set the predetermined time to be longer as an F-number of the optical system is larger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds that are modulators of Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK), and methods of treating diseases with such compounds. In certain embodiments, the compounds are within Formulas I-VII (e.g., Csbl-1). In some embodiments, the compounds are used to treat an ILK-mediated disease, such as cancer (e.g., triple negative breast cancer) or an inflammatory disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermal emissivity coating composition comprising: a) an emissivity agent in an amount from 30 to 65% by weight with respect to the total weight of the thermal emissivity coating composition; b) a filler selected from the group consisting of oxides of aluminum, silicon, magnesium, calcium, boron and mixtures of two or more thereof, in an amount from 10 to 35 wt % with respect to the total weight of the thermal emissivity coating composition; and c) a binder in an amount from 12 to 52 wt % with respect to the total weight of the thermal emissivity coating composition; wherein the emissivity agent comprises cobalt oxide in an amount from 10 to 25 wt %, preferably 12 to 25 wt % with respect to the total weight of the thermal emissivity coating composition and further comprises chromium oxide and titanium oxide.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a plurality of pixels, and each pixel comprises: a microlens; a plurality of photoelectric conversion units that convert incident light into charge and accumulate the charge; a plurality of holding units that hold signals corresponding to the charge; a controller that controls timings of accumulating the charge converted by the plurality of photoelectric conversion units and timings of causing the plurality of holding units to hold the signals corresponding to the charge; and an output unit that outputs the signals held in the plurality of holding units in units of one row. The plurality of pixels include a plurality of first pixels having the plurality of photoelectric conversion units arranged in a first direction and a plurality of second pixels having the plurality of photoelectric conversion units arranged in a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A range finding apparatus uses a light-receiving device in which a first pixel having a first sensitivity and a second pixel having a second sensitivity that is lower than the first sensitivity are two-dimensionally arranged. The range finding apparatus measures time periods from a predetermined time until times when light is incident on each of the first pixel and the second pixel, and computes distance information for the first pixel and the second pixel based on the measured time periods. The measurement resolution used to measure the time period for the second pixel is lower than a measurement resolution used to measure the time period for the first pixel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light-receiving device having a wide dynamic range. The light receiving device comprises a pixel array in which a first pixel provided with a first optical band pass filter and having a first sensitivity and a second pixel provided with a second optical band pass filter and having a second sensitivity that is lower than the first sensitivity are two-dimensionally arranged. A full width at half maximum of the second optical band pass filter is narrower than a full width at half maximum of the first optical band pass filter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light-projection device that is used for a range finding apparatus that computes a distance to an object that has reflected light, by measuring a time difference between a time when light is emitted and a time when reflected light is detected. The light-projection device comprises a light source array in which a plurality of light-emitting elements are two-dimensionally arranged and a light-projection lens that adjusts a light projection range of light emitted from the light source array. The light projection device further comprises a driving device that changes relative positions between the light source array and the light-projection lens and a light source control unit that switches on the light source array under conditions where the light source array is in different positions.

Abstract: Disclosed in a range finding apparatus that can efficiently perform range finding that uses light of different wavelengths. The range finding apparatus comprises a light source device capable of concurrently emitting light of a first wavelength and light of a second wavelength that is longer than the first wavelength and computes distance information based on a time period from when range finding is started until when incident of light on a pixel of a light receiving part is detected. In a pixel array of the light receiving part, a first pixel configured to receive light of the first wavelength and a second pixel configured to receive light of the second wavelength are two-dimensionally arranged.

Abstract: A focus detection device calculates a shift amount between a first focus detection signal and a second focus detection signal both generated based on a signal obtained from an image sensor. The device also calculates a conversion coefficient and applies the conversion coefficient to the shift amount to convert the shift amount into a defocus amount of an imaging optical system. The device calculates the conversion coefficient based on at least one of a pupil eccentricity amount and an incident pupil distance, both are dependent on an image height at a focus detection position.

Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric conversion device including: a first substrate having a first face; photodiodes arranged in the first substrate and each having a first region that generates signal charges by photoelectrically converting an incident light and a second region that receives the signal charges moving from the first region; a first isolation region arranged in the first substrate at a first depth and including a first portion extending in a first direction so as to isolate the second regions from each other; and a second isolation region arranged in the first substrate at a second depth deeper than the first depth from the first face, and including a second portion extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction in plan view so as to isolate the first regions from each other, and the first and second portions are partially overlapped with each other in plan view.

Abstract: In an image sensor, if a pixel for focusing has a structure having a light-shielding layer for performing pupil division, between the micro lens and the photoelectric conversion unit, the pixel may be configured such that the focal position of the micro lens is positioned further on the micro lens side than the light-shielding layer, and the distance from the focal position of the micro lens to the light-shielding layer is greater than 0 and less than nF?, where n is the refractive index at the focal position of the micro lens, F is the aperture value of the micro lens, and ? is the diffraction limit of the micro lens. This enables variation in the pupil intensity distribution of the pixel for focusing due to positional production tolerance of components to be suppressed.