Abstract: In an ink jet printing method for discharging ink from a liquid discharge head, the ink contains titanium oxide having a precipitation velocity of 1.0×10?11 m/s or more based on a Stokes equation in the ink, the liquid discharge head comprises a discharge port, a pressure chamber, an energy-generating element for discharging the ink, an upstream flow channel for supplying a liquid to the pressure chamber, a downstream flow channel communicating with the pressure chamber, and a pump communicating with the upstream and downstream flow channels and forming a circulation path in which the ink circulates in an order of the upstream flow channel, pressure chamber, downstream flow channel, and upstream flow channel, and a ratio of the flow rate Q of the ink in the circulation path to the maximum cross-sectional area S of the circulation path, Q/S [m/s], is higher than the precipitation velocity.

Abstract: In an ink jet printing method for printing an image on a print medium by discharging an aqueous ink and an aqueous reaction liquid containing a reactant that reacts with the aqueous ink from a liquid discharge head, the liquid discharge head includes an element substrate, upstream and downstream flow channels, a pump, and a temperature control unit. The element substrate includes a discharge port discharging the aqueous reaction liquid, a pressure chamber supplying a liquid to the discharge port, and a discharge element generating energy for discharging the liquid. The upstream flow channel supplies a liquid to the pressure chamber. The downstream flow channel communicates with the pressure chamber. The pump communicates with the upstream and downstream flow channels and allows a liquid in the downstream flow channel to flow in the upstream flow channel. The temperature control unit heats the aqueous ink or the aqueous reaction liquid.

Abstract: An ink-jet recording apparatus includes an ink-jet recording head including an ejection port for ejecting the ink, a pressure chamber communicating with the ejection port and including therein a recording element substrate configured to generate energy for ejecting the ink, a supply channel communicating with the pressure chamber and configured to supply the ink to the pressure chamber, and a temperature adjusting unit configured to heat the ink. The ink contains titanium oxide and has a viscosity of 8 mPa·s or more at 25° C.

Abstract: An ink-jet recording method includes ejecting an ink from an ink-jet recording head. The ink contains titanium oxide and a wax particle. The ink-jet recording head includes an ejection port through which the ink is ejected, a pressure chamber having therein an energy-generating element that generates energy for ejecting the ink, an ejection port portion configured to communicate between the ejection port and the pressure chamber, an individual supply channel communicating with the pressure chamber and configured to supply the ink to the pressure chamber, and an individual collecting channel communicating with the pressure chamber and configured to collect the ink from the pressure chamber.

Abstract: Provided is an ink jet recording method of ejecting an aqueous ink from ejection orifices to record an image on a unit area of a recording medium. Reciprocal scanning of a recording head is performed plural times on the unit area while performing reciprocal scanning in a direction intersecting a conveyance direction of the recording medium. The recording head includes the ejection orifices, a pressure chamber that communicates with the ejection orifices, and an ejection unit that includes an ejection element disposed in the pressure chamber to eject the aqueous ink. The recording head also includes a circulation unit having a supply channel for supplying the aqueous ink to the pressure chamber of the ejection unit, and a collecting channel for collecting the aqueous ink from the pressure chamber. The aqueous ink contains a particle having a specific gravity of 3.8 gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) or more.

Abstract: Provided is an ink jet recording method by a so-called multi-pass method. The recording head includes a plurality of ejection orifices for ejecting the aqueous ink, a pressure chamber that communicates with the ejection orifices, an ejection unit that includes an ejection element disposed in the pressure chamber and generating energy for ejecting the aqueous ink from the plurality of ejection orifices, and a circulation unit that includes a supply channel for supplying the aqueous ink to the pressure chamber of the ejection unit and a collecting channel for collecting the aqueous ink from the pressure chamber of the ejection unit. The aqueous ink contains a coloring material having a volume-based cumulative 50% particle diameter D50 (nm) of 160 nm or more.

Abstract: In an ink jet printing method for discharging ink from a liquid discharge head, the ink contains titanium oxide having a precipitation velocity of 1.0×10?11 m/s or more based on a Stokes equation in the ink, the liquid discharge head comprises a discharge port, a pressure chamber, an energy-generating element, an upstream flow channel for supplying a liquid to the pressure chamber, a downstream flow channel communicating with the pressure chamber, and a pump communicating with the upstream flow channel and the downstream flow channel and forming a circulation path in which the ink circulates in an order of the upstream flow channel, pressure chamber, downstream flow channel, and upstream flow channel, the liquid discharge head is configured so as to perform reciprocal scan, and a scanning velocity in a region where the liquid discharge head scans at a constant velocity is higher than the precipitation velocity.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes: a substrate, where a recording element is disposed; and a discharge orifice forming member, where a discharge orifice, facing the recording element, and configured to discharge the liquid, is formed. The liquid discharge head has a pressure chamber, a first liquid channel configured to supply liquid to the pressure chamber, and a second liquid channel configured to recover liquid from the pressure chamber. The substrate has a liquid supply channel connected to the first liquid channel to supply liquid to the first liquid channel, and a liquid recovery channel connected to the second liquid channel, to recover liquid from the second liquid channel. Pressure at an inlet portion of the liquid supply channel is higher than pressure at an outlet portion of the liquid recovery channel, and a flow velocity of liquid within the pressure chamber is 3 to 140 mm/s.

Abstract: A catalyst for an oxygen reduction reaction containing catalyst particles having a shell-core structure containing a PtCo alloy or a PtCoMn alloy as a core, and platinum as a shell layer. A specific plane of a face-centered cubic lattice is formed by a plurality of platinum atoms contained in the shell layer, and a lattice constant of the plane of the face-centered cubic lattice on the catalyst particle surface is 3.70 ? or more and 4.05 ? or less (in a PtCo alloy), or 3.870 ? or more and 4.10 ? or less (in a PtCoMn alloy). A catalyst design method includes a step of calculating, with respect to an orientation plane such as the plane formed by platinum atoms of the shell layer, adsorption energies for an oxygen molecule, an OH group and a water molecule by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a print element substrate having an ejection port forming member including an ejection surface on which a plurality of ejection port arrays for ejecting liquid are formed and a protection member having an opening corresponding to one of the ejection port arrays, the protection member is provided with at least one recessed portion at an end parallel to a direction of the plurality of ejection port arrays in a direction orthogonal to the plurality of ejection port arrays and a projection portion projecting in the direction orthogonal to the plurality of ejection port arrays, the projection portion is provided inside the at least one recessed portion, and the ejection port forming member has a corresponding recessed portion corresponding to the projection portion in the direction orthogonal to the plurality of ejection port arrays.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head substrate includes a base layer, a heating resistance element provided over the base layer to generate a heat energy for ejecting a liquid, a first insulation layer covering the heating resistance element, and a protective layer having, on the first insulation layer, a first region which overlaps the heating resistance element via the first insulation layer and a second region which does not overlap the heating resistance element and formed of a material including a metal which is eluted by an electrochemical reaction. The liquid ejection head substrate further includes a second insulation layer provided over a region overlying the base layer and not provided with the protective layer and over the second region of the protective layer.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes: a substrate, where a recording element is disposed; and a discharge orifice forming member, where a discharge orifice, facing the recording element, and configured to discharge the liquid, is formed. The liquid discharge head has a pressure chamber, a first liquid channel configured to supply liquid to the pressure chamber, and a second liquid channel configured to recover liquid from the pressure chamber. The substrate has a liquid supply channel connected to the first liquid channel to supply liquid to the first liquid channel, and a liquid recovery channel connected to the second liquid channel, to recover liquid from the second liquid channel. Pressure at an inlet portion of the liquid supply channel is higher than pressure at an outlet portion of the liquid recovery channel, and a flow velocity of liquid within the pressure chamber is 3 to 140 mm/s.

Abstract: A catalyst for an oxygen reduction reaction containing catalyst particles having a shell-core structure containing a PtCo alloy or a PtCoMn alloy as a core, and platinum as a shell layer. A specific plane of a face-centered cubic lattice is formed by a plurality of platinum atoms contained in the shell layer, and a lattice constant of the plane of the face-centered cubic lattice on the catalyst particle surface is 3.70 ? or more and 4.05 ? or less (in a PtCo alloy), or 3.870 ? or more and 4.10 ? or less (in a PtCoMn alloy). A catalyst design method includes a step of calculating, with respect to an orientation plane such as the plane formed by platinum atoms of the shell layer, adsorption energies for an oxygen molecule, an OH group and a water molecule by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes an element substrate provided with an ejection port row in which ejection ports are arrayed. The port includes a protruding portion protruding toward a center of the ejection port, an energy generation element configured to generate energy to eject liquid, and a pressure chamber including the energy generation element thereinside. The head has a liquid supply path for supplying liquid to the pressure chamber, and a liquid collecting path for collecting liquid from the pressure chamber. A direction in which the protruding portion protrudes is substantially parallel to a flow direction of liquid in the pressure chamber flowing from the liquid supply path to the liquid collecting path via the pressure chamber. The flow direction is same direction in the pressure chambers, and is same direction as a relative moving direction of a medium that receives liquid ejected from the liquid ejection head.

Abstract: A portable power supply according to one or more embodiments includes a combustion device (20) and a heating container (30) that retains an object to be heated, wherein at least a part of a portion of the heating container, the portion being directly heated by the combustion device, is provided with a magnetic metal plate (32) that has spontaneous magnetization and that generates electromotive force due to an anomalous Nernst effect induced by the heating, and wherein electrodes (33a, 33b) for drawing power are provided. Thus, the heating container for generating electricity has a simple configuration, and furthermore the portable power supply is provided with both the heating container and the combustion device.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head according to the present disclosure includes: a printing element substrate including an ejection surface provided with a first ejection orifice array in which an ejection orifice configured to be capable of ejecting a liquid is arranged in plurality in an array direction and a second ejection orifice array arranged in a direction intersecting with the array direction and the first ejection orifice array; and a protective member provided with a first opening corresponding to the first ejection orifice array and a second opening corresponding to the second ejection orifice array, wherein the protective member is arranged adjacent to the ejection surface of the printing element substrate via an adhesive arranged between the first ejection orifice array and the second ejection orifice array.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid ejection head including: a printing element board having an ejection surface in which an ejection orifice array is formed to eject liquid; and a protective member having an opening corresponding to the ejection orifice array, wherein the shape of the opening is an elongate shape having a longitudinal direction and a lateral direction in the case of viewing from the ejection surface, the opening has a first side surface parallel to the longitudinal direction and a second side surface parallel to the transverse direction, and the protective member s fixed to the ejection surface such that the first side surface has a first inclination angle with the ejection surface.

Abstract: A liquid ejection device has an element substrate having an ejection port; and a voltage application unit applying a voltage to the element substrate, wherein the element substrate has a first layer having the ejection port and a first channel communicating with the ejection port and a second layer fixed to a back face of the first layer and having a second channel communicating with the first channel, a heat element for ejecting the liquid, a first electrode covering a surface of the heat element on a side of the first layer and exposed to the first channel, and a second electrode exposed to the first channel at a position different from the first electrode and not overlapping the heat element on a plan view, and the voltage application unit is configured to apply the voltage so that the first electrode is at a negative potential.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes ejection nozzles, pressure compartments, a supply port, and first pillar structures. The pressure compartments which each communicate with a corresponding ejection nozzle of the ejection nozzles and are each combined with an energy generating element configured to generates ejection energy for ejecting liquid. The supply port supplies the liquid to the pressure compartments. The first pillar structures are arranged between the supply port and the pressure compartments. The pressure compartments is each defined by a flow path walls arranged in line and parallel to each other. A liquid flow path is formed and configured to allow the liquid to flow through the liquid flow path from the at least one supply port via the first pillar structures into the pressure compartments. A longest clearance between the first pillar structures is smaller than a shortest clearance between the flow path walls and the first pillar structures.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a liquid discharge substrate that has a discharge-orifice row, pressure generating elements, and pressure chambers. The liquid discharge head discharges a liquid in a block-by-block manner using sequential driving. The discharge-orifice row is disposed so as to incline at an angle ?=Arctan (d1/d2) relative to a direction extending orthogonal to the conveyance direction of the medium, in which d1 (?m) is a disposition spacing of the discharge orifices in the discharge-orifice row in the conveyance direction and d2 (?m) is a disposition spacing of the discharge orifices in the discharge-orifice row in the direction orthogonal to the conveyance direction. A partition wall is formed between adjacent pressure chambers so as to separate the adjacent pressure chambers from each other. The partition wall has a communicating portion that communicates the adjacent pressure chambers with each other.