Abstract: A shaft manufacturing apparatus includes a first drawing die having a cylindrical first cavity defined therein which is open at both ends thereof and a second drawing die having a cylindrical second cavity defined therein which is open at one end thereof. The angle formed between a first tapered part of the first drawing die and the axis of the first cavity is greater than the angle formed between a second tapered part of the second drawing die and the axis of the second cavity.

Abstract: A shaft manufacturing apparatus includes a first drawing die having a cylindrical first cavity defined therein which is open at both ends thereof and a second drawing die having a cylindrical second cavity defined therein which is open at one end thereof. The angle formed between a first tapered part of the first drawing die and the axis of the first cavity is greater than the angle formed between a second tapered part of the second drawing die and the axis of the second cavity.

Abstract: A color separation optical system includes a set of prisms which separate incident light into components having different wavelengths. Image pickup devices may be exposed to the separated light components. An arrangement prevents or reduces the influence of a temperature variation upon color separation characteristics. The color separation optical system may be manufactured in a new way.

Abstract: A first lens, a second lens, means and a third lens means are arranged successively in a direction of travel of a ray. The first lens means each comprising a single lens element power. The second lens means has a predetermined negative refracting power. The third lens means has a predetermined positive refracting power. A fourth lens means consisting of a plurality of lens elements follows the third lens means in the direction of travel of the ray and has a predetermined positive refracting power. At least one surface of the first, second, third, and fourth lens elements is aspherical. The follwoing conditions (1), (2), and (3) are satisfied:4f<f3<20f (1)0.65<(f4/d34)<1.

Abstract: An apparatus for working an aspherical surface on a workpiece including a mechanism for adjusting a position of a workpiece in a horizontal direction, a rotary table having a vertical axis of rotation rotatably mounted on the adjusting mechanism, the rotary table including a work chuck for holding a workpiece on the rotary table, a spindle having a tool on a lower end thereof, a mechanism for rotating the spindle around an axial direction thereof and a compressed spring for supporting the spindle. A first mechanism adjusts a position of the tool in the axial direction of the spindle, the first mechanism including a sliding plate for sliding the spindle in the axial direction thereof.

Abstract: A color separation optical system includes a set of prisms which separate incident light into components having different wavelengths. Image pickup devices may be exposed to the separated light components. An arrangement prevents or reduces the influence of a temperature variation upon color separation characteristics. The color separation optical system maybe manufactured in a new way.

Abstract: A projection optical system for use in a precise copy which uses a pair of catadioptric optical systems consisting of convex mirrors, concave mirrors, and phase correction members is shown. Two catadioptric optical systems commonly use an entrance pupil on a coaxis and are coupled so as to respectively face the phase correction members. Each of the concave mirrors has an opening at the center. Each of the convex mirrors has no opening in one embodiment but has an opening portion at the center in another embodiment.

Abstract: In a moving body tracking apparatus having a moving body recognition circuit and TV camera, the moving body recognition circuit includes: a contour signal generator for producing a first contour signal indicative of contour of an image defined by at least one field, a second contour signal subsequent to the first contour signal, and a third contour signal subsequent to the second contour signal, a first and a second memory for temporarily storing, respectively the first and the second contour signals; contour line width increasing circuit responsive to the first and second memory for increasing the width of contour line represented by output signals of the first and second memory; and comparator responsive to the third contour signal and output signal from the contour line width increasing circuit for producing an output signal when a contour line represented by the third contour signal is out of phase with a contour line represented by the output signal from the contour line width increasing circuit.

Abstract: An electrical discharge machining apparatus for forming minute holes in a workpiece has a machining electrode supported in V-shaped grooves for forming a minute hole through an electrical discharge between the machining electrode and the workpiece. The machining electrode is movable toward and away from the workpiece. The workpiece is movable between a position below the machining electrode and a position below a microscope disposed in conjugate relation to the machining electrode. After a position to be machined has been set by the positioning means, the workpiece is moved to the position below the machining electrode for electrical discharge machining. The machining electrode is subjected to little displacement while it is being rotated, and the position to be machined can be determined with high accuracy. The electrical discharge machining apparatus can quickly form a neat minute hole of small out-of-roundness and reduced surface roughness in the workpiece at a correct position thereon.

Abstract: A projection optical system for photolithography includes a refraction sub-system and a cata-dioptric sub-system optically connected to each other. The refraction sub-system extends at an object side. The cata-dioptric sub-system extends at an image side. The refraction sub-system is generally composed of refracting members. The cata-dioptric sub-system is generally composed of a phase compensating member, a concave mirror, and a convex mirror. The phase compensating member adjoins the refraction sub-system. At least the concave mirror has a central opening through which light passes. The light forms an image at a rear of the concave mirror.

Abstract: An f.multidot..theta. lens system for use in an apparatus such as a facsimile, machine laser printer, and the like for scanning and recording by a laser beam. The lens system minimizes the amount of image distorted in the sagittal direction and provides equal angular scanning velocity, high brightness and high resolution. The lens system comprises five serially disposed lenses the first of which is a positive meniscus lens whose concave surface is directed toward the incident side of a laser beam, the second lens is a negative meniscus lens whose concave surface is directed toward the incident side of the laser beam, and the third to fifth lenses a positive meniscus lenses whose concave surfaces are directed toward the beam incident side, wherein these lenses satisfy particular conditions relating to the radii of curvatures of their surfaces, lens thickness, refractive indices and lens-to-lens distances.

Abstract: Processing of plural works can be made simultaneously by using divided laser beams which is issued from one large Co.sub.2 laser beam source, the dividing being made by one or more rotary chopper mirror(s) comprising reflecting parts and light passing parts, and its ration and pulsive start and stop of laser oscillation are controlled in interrelated manner and by controlling the duty time of the laser oscillation in PWM manner. The distribution of powers of the laser beams divided by the rotary chopper mirrors is desirably selectable, thereby enabling simultaneous processing of plural works under the different processing conditions.

Abstract: In a polygon mirror construction comprising a polygon mirror with a hole formed at the central position for passing through a shaft of a motor and a supporting means fixed to the shaft of the motor for supporting the polygon mirror, and a space, a groove or a heat insulating plate is formed between the polygon mirror and the supporting means, thereby a heat rise of the polygon mirror is prevented and high accuracy of the polygon mirror construction is assured.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a film capacitor and a method for making the same. A capacitor element formed by rolling or laminating metalized films less than 3.5 microns in thickness has ends coated with ion plating to form block terminals so that the strong bonds between the ends of the capacitor element and the terminals may be obtained with the resultant decrease in contact resistance therebetween. In order to increase the mechanical strength of the terminals a conducting layer may be formed on the terminals by metal spraying, and in order to increase the bond the ends of the capacitor element may be subjected to etching prior to ion plating so that the roughed end faces offer teeth to which the metal terminals cling. Thus the present invention provides a film capacitor which is considerably compact in size, light in weight yet highly reliable and dependable in operation and inexpensive to manufacture.