Abstract: An electronic calculator is provided with an input keyboard for receiving numerical data, a storage interconnected to the keyboard for storing the received numerical data, processing circuitry interconnected to the storage for processing the numerical data, a display for displaying steps of the arithmetic process of the numerical data, and a visualizing unit for visualizing the numerical data in response to the display. Each step of the arithmetic process of the data may be indicated in the display in response to instructions provided on the keyboard.

Abstract: An electronic calculator comprises a keyboard for receiving numerical data, storage registers for storing the numerical data, a processor unit for processing the numerical data stored in the storage registers, a display unit for visually displaying the numerical data, a blocking circuit for blocking the visual display of a computed result from the processor unit, and a releasing circuit to discontinue the blocking of the visual display of the result, thereby causing the operator of the calculator to not know the result until receiving instructions.

Abstract: An open tubular capillary column, for high-speed micro liquid chromatography made of a glass tube of the inner diameter not more than 0.10 mm, having the net inside capacity not less than 0.5 .mu.l, the inner surface of which hollow glass tube being chemically bonded, in order to provide a stationary phase there, with at least one silane or its derivative such as octadecylsilane to form a polymeric layer. This invention includes the manufacturing method of such a column.

Abstract: A system for and a method of providing an eluent composed of two different kinds of liquids being mixed at a set concentration and further a time varying concentration or mixing ratio, comprising (a) a step for transferring each of the two liquids by sucking under low-pulsation to on-off valves; (b) a step for periodically controlling the operation of the on-off valves; (c) a step for controlling the amount of each liquid supplied to the mixing region during each period of valve operation; (d) a step for substantially sucking the eluent formed by the above steps in the mixing region for discharging or supplying the same under the same low-pulsation, whereby a mixing of the two liquids under an atmospheric or a low constant pressure, can be effected and a supply of an eluent having a precisely controlled time varying concentration of each liquid can also be effected, and a system for providing such an eluent.

Abstract: A column used for high speed liquid chromatography which is characterized in (a) eminent separating ability suitable for microanalysis while having a small internal diameter, (b) minimizing the separation impediment due to minute flaws, tiny recesses or the like on the inner surface thereof, and (c) facilitating packing operation of particulate packing or support material thereinto, by enabling the material to closely contact not only with each other but also with the inner surface of the column that can yield to a necessary extent.