Abstract: An outboard motor includes an engine, a pressure charger, an intercooler, a bypass air passage, and an air bypass valve to open and close the bypass air passage. The engine includes a cylinder block and an air intake passage and an exhaust passage both of which are connected to the cylinder block. The pressure charger is located in the air intake passage. The intercooler is located in the air intake passage between the cylinder block and the pressure charger. A first end of the bypass air passage is connected to a region of the air intake passage upstream of the pressure charger. A second end of the bypass air passage is connected to a region of the air intake passage downstream of the pressure charger. The air bypass valve is directly attached to the intercooler.

Abstract: A watercraft propulsion system includes a propulsion unit to be driven by an engine. The engine includes a cylinder block, an air intake channel, an exhaust channel, a supercharging device, and a fuel injector. The watercraft propulsion system includes the engine, the propulsion unit to be driven by the engine, a rotation speed sensor to detect a rotation speed of the engine, an air intake pressure sensor to detect an air intake pressure of the engine, and a controller. The controller is configured or programmed to compute a command fuel injection amount so that the engine performs a combustion operation at an air/fuel ratio in a lean-burn range (lean-combustion range) according to the rotation speed detected by the rotation speed sensor and the air intake pressure detected by the air intake pressure sensor, and to drive the fuel injector based on the computed command fuel injection amount.

Abstract: An outboard motor includes an engine, a relay exhaust pipe, a downstream exhaust pipe connected to the relay exhaust pipe, and a propeller to be driven by the engine. The engine includes a plurality of cylinders arranged in series along a vertical direction, a plurality of exhaust ports respectively extending from the combustion chambers of the plurality of cylinders in a sideward direction, and an upstream exhaust pipe connected to the plurality of exhaust ports and extending downwardly. A lower end portion of the upstream exhaust pipe is connected to the relay exhaust pipe from above. The upstream exhaust pipe includes an upstream portion located at a higher location than the lower end portion and extending linearly downwardly. The lower end portion is located closer to the combustion chamber than the upstream portion with respect to a left-right direction.

Abstract: A vessel propulsion apparatus includes an engine and a propulsion unit to be driven by the engine. The engine includes cylinders arranged in series, exhaust ports respectively connected to combustion chambers of the cylinders and curved in a predetermined downstream direction to allow exhaust gases to flow out from the combustion chambers, and a collecting exhaust pipe. The collecting exhaust pipe is integral with the exhaust ports, and extends in the downstream direction to allow exhaust gases in the exhaust ports to flow in the downstream direction. At least one of a plurality of connector portions that individually connect the exhaust ports to the collecting exhaust pipe includes a concave portion at an inner surface thereof.

Abstract: An outboard motor includes an engine, a pressure charger, an intercooler, a bypass air passage, and an air bypass valve to open and close the bypass air passage. The engine includes a cylinder block and an air intake passage and an exhaust passage both of which are connected to the cylinder block. The pressure charger is located in the air intake passage. The intercooler is located in the air intake passage between the cylinder block and the pressure charger. A first end of the bypass air passage is connected to a region of the air intake passage upstream of the pressure charger. A second end of the bypass air passage is connected to a region of the air intake passage downstream of the pressure charger. The air bypass valve is directly attached to the intercooler.

Abstract: A watercraft propulsion system includes a propulsion unit to be driven by an engine. The engine includes a cylinder block, an air intake channel, an exhaust channel, a supercharging device, and a fuel injector. The watercraft propulsion system includes the engine, the propulsion unit to be driven by the engine, a rotation speed sensor to detect a rotation speed of the engine, an air intake pressure sensor to detect an air intake pressure of the engine, and a controller. The controller is configured or programmed to compute a command fuel injection amount so that the engine performs a combustion operation at an air/fuel ratio in a lean-burn range (lean-combustion range) according to the rotation speed detected by the rotation speed sensor and the air intake pressure detected by the air intake pressure sensor, and to drive the fuel injector based on the computed command fuel injection amount.

Abstract: An outboard includes a plurality of first branched pipes connected to a plurality of first exhaust ports and a plurality of second branched pipes connected to a plurality of second exhaust ports, respectively, wherein the plurality of first branched pipes are connected to a first collecting pipe and the plurality of second branched pipes are connected to a second collecting pipe. A connector connects the first collecting pipe and the second collecting pipe. The plurality of first branched pipes extend in a direction away from the connector in a plan view, and each includes a first exhaust pathway located farther away from the connector than the first collecting pipe is in the plan view. The plurality of second branched pipes extend in a direction away from the connector in a plan view, and each includes a second exhaust pathway located farther away from the connector than the second collecting pipe.

Abstract: A cell culture apparatus having a cell-holding container and a pinholder-shaped member comprising needle-shaped bodies arranged on a substrate, wherein a protruding part is formed in the center of the bottom surface of the cell-holding container, a recessed part is formed between the center and a side wall, and through-holes through which the needle-shaped bodies penetrate are established on the bottom surface of the recessed part; the needle-shaped bodies are arranged in correspondence with the positions of the through-holes; and the pinholder-shaped member is arranged, such that a tip-side portion of each of the needle-shaped bodies penetrates through the corresponding through-hole from the bottom surface side or upper surface side of the cell-holding container.

Abstract: A jig member for use in the manufacture of a luminal cell structure, in which needle-shaped bodies are arranged in a comb-like form on a thickness-direction surface of a plate-like support having a length direction, wherein a surface which is adjacent to the thickness-direction surface and is along the length direction is formed in a tapered shape toward tips of the needle-shaped bodies; and a jig for use in the manufacture of a luminal cell structure, in which the member is arranged on a circumference of a circle with the tips of the needle-shaped bodies facing in the direction toward the center of the circle.

Abstract: An engine includes a crankshaft. A driveshaft is connected to the crankshaft, and extends in an up-and-down direction of an outboard motor. A propeller shaft is connected to the driveshaft, and extends in a back-and-forth direction of the outboard motor. An intake pipe is connected to the engine. The intake pipe includes a first pipe portion and a second pipe portion that are provided separately from each other. A seal member is disposed between the first and second pipe portions, and couples the first and second pipe portions therethrough.

Abstract: An outboard includes a plurality of first branched pipes connected to a plurality of first exhaust ports and a plurality of second branched pipes connected to a plurality of second exhaust ports, respectively, wherein the plurality of first branched pipes are connected to a first collecting pipe and the plurality of second branched pipes are connected to a second collecting pipe. A connector connects the first collecting pipe and the second collecting pipe. The plurality of first branched pipes extend in a direction away from the connector in a plan view, and each includes a first exhaust pathway located farther away from the connector than the first collecting pipe is in the plan view. The plurality of second branched pipes extend in a direction away from the connector in a plan view, and each includes a second exhaust pathway located farther away from the connector than the second collecting pipe is in the plan view.

Abstract: An intake manifold is connected to a cylinder of an engine, and extends backward from the cylinder. A throttle body is attached to the intake manifold. As seen in a plan view of an outboard motor, the throttle body is disposed backward of a head cover, while being disposed inward of a lateral end of the intake manifold in a right-and-left direction of the outboard motor.

Abstract: A multilayer wiring board having a high degree of freedom of wiring design and realizing high-density wiring, and a method to simply manufacture the multilayer wiring board is provided. A core substrate with two or more wiring layers provided thereon through an electrical insulating layer. The core substrate has a plurality of throughholes filled with an electroconductive material, and the front side and back side of the core substrate have been electrically connected to each other by the electroconductive material. The throughholes have an opening diameter in the range of 10 to 100 ?m. An insulation layer and an electroconductive material diffusion barrier layer are also provided, and the electroconductive material is filled into the throughholes through the insulation layer. A first wiring layer provided through an electrical insulating layer on the core substrate is connected to the electroconductive material filled into the throughhole through via.

Abstract: A detection element can obtain a high-resolution radiation image having a high signal intensity and a high S/N ratio. A detection element including a substrate having a through hole, an insulating layer arranged inside of the through hole, a through electrode arranged further to the inner side of the through hole than the insulating layer, a resin layer having insulating properties and having an opening portion exposing the through electrode, a first electrode arranged above the through electrode and the resin layer, the first electrode being connected to the through electrode through the opening portion, and a second electrode arranged above the resin layer, the second electrode being separated from the first electrode.

Abstract: An intake manifold is connected to a cylinder of an engine, and extends backward from the cylinder. A throttle body is attached to the intake manifold. As seen in a plan view of an outboard motor, the throttle body is disposed backward of a head cover, while being disposed inward of a lateral end of the intake manifold in a right-and-left direction of the outboard motor.

Abstract: An engine includes a crankshaft. A driveshaft is connected to the crankshaft, and extends in an up-and-down direction of an outboard motor. A propeller shaft is connected to the driveshaft, and extends in a back-and-forth direction of the outboard motor. An intake pipe is connected to the engine. The intake pipe includes a first pipe portion and a second pipe portion that are provided separately from each other. A seal member is disposed between the first and second pipe portions, and couples the first and second pipe portions therethrough.

Abstract: A multilayer wiring board having a high degree of freedom of wiring design and realizing high-density wiring, and a method to simply manufacture the multilayer wiring board is provided. A core substrate with two or more wiring layers provided thereon through an electrical insulating layer. The core substrate has a plurality of throughholes filled with an electroconductive material, and the front side and back side of the core substrate have been electrically connected to each other by the electroconductive material. The throughholes have an opening diameter in the range of 10 to 100 ?m. An insulation layer and an electroconductive material diffusion barrier layer are also provided, and the electroconductive material is filled into the throughholes through the insulation layer. A first wiring layer provided through an electrical insulating layer on the core substrate is connected to the electroconductive material filled into the throughhole through via.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of electrodes, extending in a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction are stacked one over the other, and include opposed sides extending in the second direction, a plurality of protrusion portions extending from the first side of the electrodes and spaced from one another in the second direction, and an extraction portion extending from the second side of the electrode. First and second contact plugs extend in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions, one of each contacting one of the extraction portions, wherein the extraction portion extending from the uppermost of the electrodes is located closer to the center of the second side in the second direction, than the location of the extraction portion extending from the lowermost of the electrodes.

Abstract: A multilayer wiring board having a high degree of freedom of wiring design and realizing high-density wiring, and a method to simply manufacture the multilayer wiring board is provided. A core substrate with two or more wiring layers provided thereon through an electrical insulating layer. The core substrate has a plurality of throughholes filled with an electroconductive material, and the front side and back side of the core substrate have been electrically connected to each other by the electroconductive material. The throughholes have an opening diameter in the range of 10 to 100 ?m. An insulation layer and an electroconductive material diffusion barrier layer are also provided, and the electroconductive material is filled into the throughholes through the insulation layer. A first wiring layer provided through an electrical insulating layer on the core substrate is connected to the electroconductive material filled into the throughhole through via.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of electrodes, extending in a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction are stacked one over the other, and include opposed sides extending in the second direction, a plurality of protrusion portions extending from the first side of the electrodes and spaced from one another in the second direction, and an extraction portion extending from the second side of the electrode. First and second contact plugs extend in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions, one of each contacting one of the extraction portions, wherein the extraction portion extending from the uppermost of the electrodes is located closer to the center of the second side in the second direction, than the location of the extraction portion extending from the lowermost of the electrodes.