Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation valve warming device includes an exhaust throttle arranged in an exhaust passage, an exhaust gas recirculation passage that extends from a portion of the exhaust passage that is upstream of the exhaust throttle and is connected to an intake passage, an exhaust gas recirculation valve arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation passage, and a branch passage that extends from a portion of the exhaust gas recirculation passage that is upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation valve in a direction in which exhaust gas flows, in which the branch passage is connected to a portion of the exhaust passage that is downstream of the exhaust throttle. The exhaust gas recirculation valve includes a valve passage that forms part of the exhaust gas recirculation passage and a warming passage that forms part of the branch passage.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation valve warming device includes an exhaust throttle arranged in an exhaust passage, an exhaust gas recirculation passage that extends from a portion of the exhaust passage that is upstream of the exhaust throttle and is connected to an intake passage, an exhaust gas recirculation valve arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation passage, and a branch passage that extends from a portion of the exhaust gas recirculation passage that is upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation valve in a direction in which exhaust gas flows, in which the branch passage is connected to a portion of the exhaust passage that is downstream of the exhaust throttle. The exhaust gas recirculation valve includes a valve passage that forms part of the exhaust gas recirculation passage and a warming passage that forms part of the branch passage.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a receiving unit operable to receive a plurality of outputs from a plurality of hosts, a comparing unit operable to compare the plurality of outputs, and a display processing unit operable to generate a display in which portions of the plurality of outputs are distinguished based on a comparison result of the comparing unit.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a receiving unit operable to receive a plurality of outputs from a plurality of hosts, a comparing unit operable to compare the plurality of outputs, and a display processing unit operable to generate a display in which portions of the plurality of outputs are distinguished based on a comparison result of the comparing unit.

Abstract: A separation portion of an oil separator is located upward from an opening of a second blow-by gas passage portion in an outer surface of a cylinder block. A connection passage connects the separation portion and the second blow-by gas passage portion. At least part of the connection passage located toward the second blow-by gas passage portion serves as a first passage portion. The second blow-by gas passage portion and the first passage portion serve as an intermediate passage. A step is arranged in the intermediate passage at an intermediate portion with respect to an extension direction of the intermediate passage.

Abstract: A separation portion of an oil separator is located upward from an opening of a second blow-by gas passage portion in an outer surface of a cylinder block. A connection passage connects the separation portion and the second blow-by gas passage portion. At least part of the connection passage located toward the second blow-by gas passage portion serves as a first passage portion. The second blow-by gas passage portion and the first passage portion serve as an intermediate passage. A step is arranged in the intermediate passage at an intermediate portion with respect to an extension direction of the intermediate passage.

Abstract: A method comprising: storing, by a computer, a list of mobile devices; creating, by the computer, a plurality of groups of the mobile devices, each group including at least one mobile device, based on locations of the mobile devices; providing, by the computer, at least one mobile device of the plurality of groups with information of a target location; and handling, by the computer, information for a mutual interaction between at least two groups of the plurality of groups.

Abstract: A method comprising: storing, by a computer, a list of mobile devices; creating, by the computer, a plurality of groups of the mobile devices, each group including at least one mobile device, based on locations of the mobile devices; providing, by the computer, at least one mobile device of the plurality of groups with information of a target location; and handling, by the computer, information for a mutual interaction between at least two groups of the plurality of groups.

Abstract: A system to enable restoration of a tree structure based on serialized data, and extraction of partial data that includes information of the tree structure from original data. A searching part identifies sequence elements of serialized data using a searching process. An essential element string identifying part identifies a sequence element string (essential element string) that includes the searched sequence elements. A rear section identifying part identifies a sequence element string that includes sequence elements located after the essential element string and is required to form a subtree that includes nodes corresponding to all the sequence elements of the essential element string. A front section identifying part identifies a sequence element string that includes sequence elements located before the essential element string and is required to form a subtree that includes nodes corresponding to all the sequence elements of the essential element string.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a receiving unit operable to receive a plurality of outputs from a plurality of hosts, a comparing unit operable to compare the plurality of outputs, and a display processing unit operable to generate a display in which portions of the plurality of outputs are distinguished based on a comparison result of the comparing unit.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a receiving unit operable to receive a plurality of outputs from a plurality of hosts, a comparing unit operable to compare the plurality of outputs, and a display processing unit operable to generate a display in which portions of the plurality of outputs are distinguished based on a comparison result of the comparing unit.

Abstract: A system to enable restoration of a tree structure based on serialized data, and extraction of partial data that includes information of the tree structure from original data. A searching part identifies sequence elements of serialized data using a searching process. An essential element string identifying part identifies a sequence element string (essential element string) that includes the searched sequence elements. A rear section identifying part identifies a sequence element string that includes sequence elements located after the essential element string and is required to form a subtree that includes nodes corresponding to all the sequence elements of the essential element string. A front section identifying part identifies a sequence element string that includes sequence elements located before the essential element string and is required to form a subtree that includes nodes corresponding to all the sequence elements of the essential element string.