Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member which comprises an electroconductive support, an interlayer, and a photosensitive layer, wherein the electroconductive support is previously cleaned with a solution mainly composed of water, end the interlayer contains an electroconductive substance.The product is excellent in the electrophotographic properties and the process of making is not harmful to the human health and does not pollute the environment.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a structure in which a gradation is reproduced when a laser beam, which is pulse-width-modulated corresponding to an image signal, scans the surface of a recording media. The image forming apparatus includes a pulse width modulation circuit having an automatic adjustment function to automatically adjust an input/output characteristics using a calibration signal as a trigger signal. The image forming apparatus further includes a calibration signal generator which generates a calibration signal just before an image formation.

Abstract: A method of feeding pure water under germ-free conditions is provided by purifying raw water into primary water by successive passage through a defined series of purification units, temporarily storing the primary water in a primary water tank, further purifying the stored water to still higher purity by passage through a defined series of purification units; injecting HF or a salt of HF into the thus-purified water in bacteriostatic and sterilizing concentrations and then feeding it to its point of use.

Abstract: Periodical sterilization is usually needed in the ultrapure water line provided in an ultrapure water-producing system or plant to kill some occasionally occurring viable cells of microorganisms in the ultrapure water as produced or being produced and thereby keep the ultrapure water under germ-free conditions. Now, it is discovered that an aqueous solution containing 1 to 100 ppm of hydrofluoric acid is effective to sterilize the ultrapure water line and is advantageous over the conventional sterilization agents such as aqueous hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite which were employed normally for the sterilization of the ultrapure water line.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus comprising a swinging cutter unit which is pivotally coupled through a first shaft to a stationary working table so as to be swingable about the first shaft between its raised resting position and its lowered cutting position. The swinging cutter unit includes a motor-driven circular saw-blade fixedly mounted on a second shaft coupled to a drive motor, a housing for partially encasing an upper side portion of the circular saw-blade and supporting the second shaft so that the circular saw-blade is rotatable about the second shaft in response to operation of the drive motor, and a blade guard supported by the housing to be rotatable about the second shaft to expose and cover the saw-blade. The blade guard is biased by means of a spring so as to cover the saw-blade and has an engaging device at a portion of the outer surface thereof.

Abstract: A rotatable cam operated switch having a cam whose peripheral surface constitutes a cam surface. A guide groove is formed along the entire periphery of the cam surface. A first contact plate closer to the cam and a second contact plate farther from the cam are provided on the peripheral side of the cam. The first contact plate has a first part which extends towards the cam which has a flat surface which is formed such that the dimension thereof in the direction parallel to the axis of the cam is made small, while the dimension thereof perpendicular to the axis is larger, to increase rigidity and preclude bending of the plate towards the cam, thereby resulting in more stable electric contact. Additionally, a second part of the first contact plate projects away from the cam and has a flat surface which is rotated by 90.degree. with respect to the flat surface of the first part, and which serves as a terminal for a plug-in connector.