Abstract: A vehicle speed calculating device includes a vehicle speed calculating unit configured to calculate a control vehicle speed that is acquired by estimating a vehicle body speed that is a speed at which a vehicle is actually traveling, as a state variable used to control an onboard device configured to operate to realize various functions provided in the vehicle. The vehicle speed calculating unit is configured to include an extraction function of extracting at least one wheel speed acquired from at least one wheel that is assumed to be rotating in a state in which an influence causing a difference from the vehicle body speed is likely to be small, out of wheel speeds of a plurality of wheels, and a calculation function of calculating the control vehicle speed based on the at least one wheel speed extracted by the extraction function.

Abstract: In a laminated impedance device, coil conductor patterns are electrically connected in series through via-holes to form a substantially U-shaped spiral coil. A first group of the coil conductor patterns defines a first coil portion of a high-permeability coil unit. A second group of the coil conductor patterns defines a second coil portion of a low-permeability coil unit, and a third group of the coil conductor patterns defines a third coil portion of the low-permeability coil unit. A fourth group of the coil conductor patterns defines a fourth coil portion of the high-permeability coil unit. The first, second and third coil portions are wound clockwise, while the fourth coil portion is wound counterclockwise, as viewed from the top of the impedance device. Therefore, the laminated impedance device yields a high inductance in the low-permeability coil unit, and can be mounted in any direction and orientation.

Abstract: A multilayer impedance component which has no directivity when mounted and which achieves outstanding electrical characteristics includes a high permeability coil having a first winding portion and a third winding portion defined by stacking relatively high permeability magnetic sheets, a low permeability coil having a second winding portion defined by stacking relatively low permeability magnetic sheets, and an intermediate layer defined by an intermediate sheet. The three winding portions are electrically connected in series with each other to define a helical coil. Each end of the helical coil is led from coil conductor patterns provided in the high-permeability coil to each of input and output external electrodes.

Abstract: An electrophotographic color toner containing at least a coloring agent, a binder resin, and light-color or colorless fine particles, wherein toner particles containing particles having particle sizes of at least 1.0 &mgr;m as said fine particles are not more than half of the total toner particles. The electrophotographic color toner has a broad fixable temperature region of the toner and does not cause an image deterioration by preventing the occurrence of the penetration phenomenon into a paper while keeping a high image quality and high coloring even by using paper other than a paper for color copy without deteriorating various characteristics of a toner of prior art.

Abstract: In a laminated impedance device, coil conductor patterns are electrically connected in series through via-holes to form a substantially U-shaped spiral coil. A first group of the coil conductor patterns defines a first coil portion of a high-permeability coil unit. A second group of the coil conductor patterns defines a second coil portion of a low-permeability coil unit, and a third group of the coil conductor patterns defines a third coil portion of the low-permeability coil unit. A fourth group of the coil conductor patterns defines a fourth coil portion of the high-permeability coil unit. The first, second and third coil portions are wound clockwise, while the fourth coil portion is wound counterclockwise, as viewed from the top of the impedance device. Therefore, the laminated impedance device yields a high inductance in the low-permeability coil unit, and can be mounted in any direction and orientation.

Abstract: A multilayer impedance component which has no directivity when mounted and which achieves outstanding electrical characteristics includes a high permeability coil having a first winding portion and a third winding portion defined by stacking relatively high permeability magnetic sheets, a low permeability coil having a second winding portion defined by stacking relatively low permeability magnetic sheets, and an intermediate layer defined by an intermediate sheet. The three winding portions are electrically connected in series with each other to define a helical coil. Each end of the helical coil is led from coil conductor patterns provided in the high-permeability coil to each of input and output external electrodes.

Abstract: An electrophotographic color toner containing at least a coloring agent, a binder resin, and light-color or colorless fine particles, wherein toner particles containing particles having particle sizes of at least 1.0 &mgr;m as said fine particles are not more than half of the total toner particles. The electrophotographic color toner has a broad fixable temperature region of the toner and does not cause an image deterioration by preventing the occurrence of the penetration phenomenon into a paper while keeping a high image quality and high coloring even by using paper other than a paper for color copy without deteriorating various characteristics of a toner of prior art.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus performs a stable developing characteristic for an electrostatic latent image including a halftone image expressed by a binary manner. The apparatus includes a photoreceptor having a surface and an electrostatic image forming device for forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor, the electrostatic latent image including a digitally-reproduced binary latent image. The apparatus further includes a developing device for developing the electrostatic latent image. The developing device includes a two-component developer including magnetic carrier particles and toner particles. The apparatus also includes a bias applying device for applying a bias voltage between the developing device and the photoreceptor for defining a relatively high contrast potential of the digitally-reproduced binary latent image to be developed.

Abstract: To make it possible to not only improve yield ratio by eliminating loss of material but to also improve the productivity and quality accuracy of products, the hot rolling method of the present invention consists essentially of treating the rear end face of the preceding rolled material being rolled in the finishing mill and the front end face of the subsequent rolled material being rolled by the roughing-down mill in a way to be fit for welding, putting the front end face of the subsequent rolled material in contact with the rear end face of the preceding rolled material by setting the feed speed of the rolled material being rolled by the roughing-down mill faster than the feed speed of the preceding rolled material, pinching the contact faces of the two rolled materials from the top and bottom directions by means of a pressure welding mechanism, welding both rolled materials between the roughing-down mill and the finishing mill while performing resistance heating with the application of voltage under pressur

Abstract: An image forming method wherein a developer layer formed by a layer forming material and supported on a developer supporting body is used to develop an electrostatic latent image on an electrostatic latent image supporting body, thereby forming an image. In the method, the direction of rotation of the developer supporting body is the same as that of the electrostatic latent image supporting body, the ratio of peripheral speed of the developer supporting body to the electrostatic latent image supporting body ranges from 0.7 to 1.8, the developer is composed of a carrier and a toner, and the toner contains a conductive inorganic fine powder. The method is useful for making an amount of static electrification of the toner suitable and stabilizing the same.

Abstract: To provide a hot rolling method capable of improving the yield ratio by reducing material loss and improving productivity and quality accuracy of rolled products, the hot rolling method according to the present invention consists of putting the front end face of the subsequent rolled material in contact with the rear end face of the preceding rolled material by setting the feed speed of the material rolled by the roughing-down mill faster than the feed speed of the material rolled by the intermediate rolling mill while holding the rear end of the preceding rolled material being rolled in the intermediate rolling mill with the holding member on one side and holding the front end of the subsequent rolled material being rolled in the roughing-down mill with the holding member on the other side, welding both rolled materials between the roughing-down mill and the intermediate rolling mill by performing contact resistance heating with the application of voltage to the contact faces of both rolled materials through

Abstract: The present invention simplifies the structure of a run-in trough system for a cooling bed by constructing a device for stopping steel bars supplied to the run-in trough with a lower brake shoe of a trough type provided in a way as to move in a vertical direction together with the open trough. An upper brake shoe is provided swingably in a vertical direction on a fixed shaft provided on the main body of the run-in trough body, and a driving device is provided for the upper brake shoe.

Abstract: A novel capsule toner is provided, comprising a core and a shell covering the core, wherein the shell is made of a substance capable of producing radical and there is attached to the surface of said shell a polymer comprising as monomer component a quaternary ammonium salt-containing vinyl monomer represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-5 alkyl group or a benzyl group; Y represents --CO.sub.2 -- or --CONH--; n represents an integer 1 to 7; and X.sup.- represents an anion containing -COO.sup.- group, --SO.sub.3.sup.- group or --SO.sub.4.sup.- group in the structure.

Abstract: A hot coil with high quality and low cost is produced by rolling a billet continuously prepared with a 70 to 120 mm middle thickness continuous casting mechanism, a billet conveying table, a heating mechanism, a high draft rough rolling mill, a finishing rolling mill, and a down coiler, which components are all disposed closely together along a straight line. The center surface temperature of the billet and a peripheral velocity of the roll of the high draft rough rolling mill are controlled within a predetermined range to provide for continuous rolling through the system.

Abstract: An electrically-conductive toner comprising toner mother grains and a lubricant which is at least one selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic acid, an aliphatic acid metal salt, an aliphatic alcohol, an aliphatic amide, an aliphatic bisamide, and an aliphatic acid ester, the lubricant being in the form of finely divided grains having such a diameter that at least 99% by number of the finely divided grains have a diameter of 3 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: A capsule toner and a process for producing the same, the capsule toner comprising a core material containing a fixing component, an outer shell covering the core material, and an electrically conductive material adhered on the surface of the outer shell, the outer shell containing a polyurea resin and/or a polyurethane resin each obtained from an aliphatic polyisocyanate and an aromatic polyisocyanate. The capsule toner exhibits satisfactory charging properties while surely holding the fixing component inside to provide high quality images with excellent fixing properties.

Abstract: A capsule toner and a process for producing the same, the capsule toner comprising a core material containing a fixing component, an outer shell covering the core material, and a chargeable substance adhered on the surface of the outer shell, the outer shell containing a polyurea resin and/or a polyurethane resin each obtained from an aliphatic polyisocyanate and an aromatic polyisocyanate. The capsule toner exhibits satisfactory charging properties while surely holding the fixing component inside to provide high quality images with excellent fixing properties.

Abstract: A novel process for producing a toner excellent in environmental stability of chargeability is disclosed, which comprises subjecting toner particles comprising on the surface thereof a polymer containing as monomer component a monomer having a salt structure consisting of an anionic component and a cationic component to ion exchange to replace the another anionic component with another anionic component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous automatic steel making method and a facility which make it possible to make steel continuously and automatically by systematizing all steps of the steel making process. Steel is tapped from an electric furnace while steel making materials are continuously charged into the electric furnace. The tapped molten steel is delivered to a ladle supported by a conveying car. The conveying car is moved to a position associated with a continuous casting machine. The ladle containing the molten steel is moved from the conveying car to a position above a tundish of the continuous casting machine and the conveying car is then returned to the electric furnace. The molten steel is poured from the ladle into the tundish. All of the steps are continuously controlled and coordinated by a master controller.

Abstract: A capsule toner comprising a core covered with an outer shell, the outer shell comprising a substance capable of forming a radical, a polymer comprising at least a unit derived from a quaternary ammonium salt-containing vinyl monomer represented by formula (I) being deposited on the surface of the outer shell, and basic carbon black being externally added to the capsule toner: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a benzyl group; Y represents --COO--, --CONH-- or a phenylene group; n represents an integer of from 1 to 7; and X.sup.- represents a halogen ion or an anion having a --COO.sup.- group or an --SO.sub.3.sup.- group.