Abstract: A casing includes half members coupled with each other. The half members in cooperation define an inner space for containing a storage device. A removable storage device unit is thus established. A guide surface is defined on the casing. The guide surface is related to a predetermined guide located on an enclosure defining an interior space for containing the casing. The guide surface serves to guide movement of the casing with respect to the enclosure. The removable storage device unit can easily be detached from the enclosure without disassembling the enclosure. The removable storage device unit can easily be carried. The user is allowed to utilize the single storage device common to a plurality of or various electronic apparatuses, for example. This enables a facilitated exchange of data between the electronic apparatuses.

Abstract: A liquid scintillation counter 10 serving as an optical measurement apparatus includes: an HPD 24, a charge amplifier 26, a voltage amplifier 28, a comparator 30, a counter 32, a multi-channel analyzer 34, a display 38, and the like. The HPD 24 has a photocathode 24a and an APD 24b for outputting a signal that corresponds to the number of incident photons. The comparator 30 outputs a logic pulse signal, serving as a comparison result signal, only when the signal outputted from the HPD 24 and amplified by the charge amplifier 26 and voltage amplifier 28 is larger than a prescribed threshold value. This threshold value is set larger than an output signal that is outputted when a single photoelectron is emitted from the photocathode 24a and smaller than another output signal that is outputted when two or more photoelectrons are emitted.

Abstract: A storage device unit includes a storage device containing a recording medium in a housing. A heat radiation device is attached to the storage device outside the housing. The storage device unit enables prevention of rise in the temperature of the storage device based on the action of the heat radiation device. The storage device keeps normally operating in a high temperature condition. Moreover, the heat radiation device can be attached to a conventional storage device, so that it is possible to avoid the redesign of the storage device. The storage device having a resistance to high temperature can be provided in this manner at a lower cost.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus 10 primarily includes: a photon detection unit 12 for detecting incident photons, a time signal output unit 14 for outputting a time signal, and a storage unit 16 for storing the time signal outputted from the time signal output unit 14 when the photon detection unit 12 detects photons. The photon detection unit 12 includes a HPD 24 having a photocathode 24a and an APD 24b, a TZ amplifier 26, a peak holding circuit 28, and an A/D converter 30. The time signal output unit 14 includes a timer 32 and a counter 34. The storage unit 16 includes a comparator 36 and a memory 38. When photons impinge on the HPD 24, a trigger signal is outputted from the comparator 36, causing the photon-number outputted from the A/D converter 30 and the time data outputted from the counter 34 to be stored in the memory 38.

Abstract: A casing includes half members coupled with each other. The half members in cooperation define an inner space for containing a storage device. A removable storage device unit is thus established. A guide surface is defined on the casing. The guide surface is related to a predetermined guide located on an enclosure defining an interior space for containing the casing. The guide surface serves to guide movement of the casing with respect to the enclosure. The removable storage device unit can easily be detached from the enclosure without disassembling the enclosure. The removable storage device unit can easily be carried. The user is allowed to utilize the single storage device common to a plurality of or various electronic apparatuses, for example. This enables a facilitated exchange of data between the electronic apparatuses.

Abstract: A storage device unit includes a storage device containing a recording medium in a housing. A heat radiation device is attached to the storage device outside the housing. The storage device unit enables prevention of rise in the temperature of the storage device based on the action of the heat radiation device. The storage device keeps normally operating in a high temperature condition. Moreover, the heat radiation device can be attached to a conventional storage device, so that it is possible to avoid the redesign of the storage device. The storage device having a resistance to high temperature can be provided in this manner at a lower cost.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube which obtains a large decrease in manufacture time, prevents generation of gas within the envelope, prevents deterioration of electron multiplier assembly (dynodes), and greatly reduces noise. The envelope includes an all-metal cylindrical sidewall, at one end of which is an annular, flange-shaped, metal sealing area. The stem of the photomultiplier tube has another annular flange-shaped, metal sealing area. These two sealing areas are welded together. Also a metal exhaust tube is connected to the stem by resistance welding. The metal exhaust tube is severed using pinch-off seal at the final stage of the photomultiplier tube production.

Abstract: A junction, such as a Schottky junction, is formed between a conductive electrode and a semiconductor. A bias voltage is applied between the conductive electrode and an outward-emission-side electrode formed on the semiconductor at the side opposite to the junction. Upon illumination, photoelectrons are internally emitted in the conductive electrode into the semiconductor, transported through the semiconductor, and emitted outward from the semiconductor surface, which has been so treated as to reduce the surface barrier height. The semiconductor is semi-insulating, or a p-n junction is formed therein.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for detecting the one-dimensional position of incidence of particle beams. The apparatus comprisesa microchannel plate having a portion that forms a strip conductor for a microstrip line, an electrode on the output surface that is formed of a plurality of stripes that extend from said strip conductor forming portion in the form of spaced comb teeth, and a ground conductor that is associated with said strip conductor;an operating power source that supplies an operating voltage to each component of said microchannel plate; andan incident position detector circuit that picks up an output signal from both ends of said strip conductor and which estimates, on the basis of the difference between the times at which said output signals were generated, the position of incidence of particle beams that encountered the surface of incidence of said microchannel plate.

Abstract: An instrument measures fluorescence which has occurred in a sample stimulated by X rays. The instrument consists of a laser device, an X-ray pulse generation tube excited by the laser pulse from the laser device, a light sensor for detecting fluorescence in the sample, a reference timing pulse generator, a time-to-voltage converter to indicate the time of fluorescence and a multichannel analyzer to sum the frequency of times that the designated voltage is issued from the time-to-voltage converter in each voltage level during measurement.

Abstract: A system for calibrating the time axis of an X-ray streak tube comprising a light source for generating a train of light pulses and an X-ray tube including a photocathode for receiving the light pulses. Upon receiving the light pulses, the X-ray tube generates a train of X-rays which excite the photocathode of the streak tube causing it to emit an electron beam. The electron beam is scanned by a sweep voltage synchronized with the light pulses and applied across deflection electrodes in the streak tube. The deflected beam impinges on the phosphor screen of the streak tube where the time interval of the streak image is measured.

Abstract: A high speed light detection tube consists of a planar photoelectron source of transparent type, a photoelectron collection electrode arranged in parallel with the photoelectron source and an acceleration electrode of transmission type arranged in parallel with the photoelectron source in a space between the photoelectron source and the photoelectron collection electrode. The potential distribution has been set so that the photoelectrons passing through the acceleration electrode can be incident on the photoelectron collection electrode at a constant speed or near value.

Abstract: An X-ray shadow graph device comprising a light source, an X-ray tube, light connection means, a sample, an image recording device, and sample excitation means, which obtains a transmission image or transmission diffraction image of X rays with a time resolution of 10 ps or less when the sample is stimulated by a light pulse or voltage pulse signal with an extremely short duration time of approximately 1 ps.