Abstract: A working portion, a support portion, a bending portion, a linear portion and an operating portion connected with one another in this sequence. The operating portion includes a working operation portion configured to operate the working portion and a bending operation portion configured to operate bending of the bending portion. A single rod-like super-elastic wire that is made of a metal material having super-elasticity and that has a diameter of not larger than 0.5 mm is used as a working wire having one end mounted to the working portion and the other end mounted to the working operation portion. The super-elastic wires are also used as there or more bending wires having respective one ends mounted to the support portion and respective other ends mounted to the bending operation portion.

Abstract: A masking member contains parallel through-holes, each of the through-holes contains a tilted wall structure; an upper end of the tilted wall structure of one of the through-holes abuts on an upper end of the tilted wall structure of an adjacent one of the through-holes thereby forming a knife-edge ridge at the upper ends. The masking member may in contact with a substrate. Formation in quantity of various different populations of a substance being studied with multiple combinations of distribution form and distribution density may be conducted by dripping a suspension of a single concentration of the substance onto the masking member.

Abstract: An antenna protector includes a top wall, a first side wall, a second side wall, and an end wall. The top wall includes a center reinforcement that includes a plurality of lateral ribs and longitudinal ribs protruding from the top wall and arranged in a grid formation. Each of the first side wall, the second side wall, and the end wall include a perimeter reinforcement that includes a plurality of vertical ribs protruding from the wall. In an exemplary embodiment the antenna protector may include an open end portion, a closed end portion, and a center section, wherein the center section is narrower in width than each of the open end portion and the closed end portion.

Abstract: An antenna protector includes a top wall, a first side wall, a second side wall, and an end wall. The top wall includes a center reinforcement that includes a plurality of lateral ribs and longitudinal ribs protruding from the top wall and arranged in a grid formation. Each of the first side wall, the second side wall, and the end wall include a perimeter reinforcement that includes a plurality of vertical ribs protruding from the wall. In an exemplary embodiment the antenna protector may include an open end portion, a closed end portion, and a center section, wherein the center section is narrower in width than each of the open end portion and the closed end portion.

Abstract: As a barrier metal film, a titanium film is formed by a sputtering process, and a titanium nitride film is formed to cover the titanium film by a CVD process. Next, the back surface of a semiconductor substrate is cleaned by spraying a cleaning chemical liquid toward the back surface thereof, and a portion of the barrier metal film located in the outer peripheral portion is removed by causing the cleaning chemical liquid to wrap around toward the surface side of the outer peripheral portion from the back surface side. Next, a tungsten film is formed to cover the barrier metal film by a CVD process.

Abstract: As a barrier metal film, a titanium film is formed by a sputtering process, and a titanium nitride film is formed to cover the titanium film by a CVD process. Next, the back surface of a semiconductor substrate is cleaned by spraying a cleaning chemical liquid toward the back surface thereof, and a portion of the barrier metal film located in the outer peripheral portion is removed by causing the cleaning chemical liquid to wrap around toward the surface side of the outer peripheral portion from the back surface side. Next, a tungsten film is formed to cover the barrier metal film by a CVD process.

Abstract: Provided is a 3-dimensional confocal microscopy apparatus which is manufactured by combining a confocal microscope and an optical tweezers technique, wherein a pair of lenses for focal plane displacement where one lens is movable in the optical axis direction is arranged between a fixed objective lens and a fluorescent light imaging camera, and the 3-dimensional confocal microscopy apparatus also includes a mean which corrects the aberration of a fluorescent confocal image obtained by the fluorescent imaging camera. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a 3-dimensional confocal microscopy apparatus which can acquire a 3-dimensional image of a specimen during a manipulation of the specimen using optical tweezers without affecting an optical trap.

Abstract: A masking member contains parallel through-holes, each of the through-holes contains a tilted wall structure; an upper end of the tilted wall structure of one of the through-holes abuts on an upper end of the tilted wall structure of an adjacent one of the through-holes thereby forming a knife-edge ridge at the upper ends. The masking member may in contact with a substrate. Formation in quantity of various different populations of a substance being studied with multiple combinations of distribution form and distribution density may be conducted by dripping a suspension of a single concentration of the substance onto the masking member.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrical connection box includes: a base unit including a common circuit to be used in common to multiple vehicle models or grades; multiple kinds of option units respectively including an addition circuit selectively usable according to vehicle models or grades and, wherein: the common circuit of the base unit and the addition circuit of one of the option units cooperate together to form an electric circuit to be connected to a load provided on a vehicle body by combining the one of the option units with the base unit; and the base unit and the one of the option unit are mounted on a case of synthetic resin prepared for every vehicle model or grade and are then fixed to the vehicle body.

Abstract: Three-dimensional microstereolithographic objects fabricated by microstereolithography are exposed to UV light for one hour to accelerate hardening. The structures are then heated at 175° C. or above for at least 6 hours. The heating temperature may exceed the glass transition temperature, which is the index of thermal softening temperature of materials. The present invention relates to three-dimensional microstructures formed by microstereolithography. Deformation due to a structure's own weight, which generally poses a problem in heat treatment, is reduced with microstructures due to the size effect. As a result, the dimensions of the three-dimensional structure fabricated by the present invention remain almost unchanged before and after the heat treatment.

Abstract: The formation in quantity of various different populations of a substance being studied with multiple combinations of distribution form and distribution density by dripping a suspension of a single concentration of the substance onto a masking member of a certain specified structure placed on a substrate by making use of the sedimentation of said substance.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system performing wireless communication via a wireless transmission path, a first wireless communication apparatus includes a receiver that receives a wireless signal via a wireless transmission path, a disconnection detector that detects disconnection of a wireless line connected to a second communication apparatus, a modulation controller that selects a modulation scheme, enabling communication under poor conditions in a transmission path, rather than a modulation scheme which has been used in wireless communication, and a transmitter that notifies the modulation scheme selected by the modulation scheme controller to the second wireless communication apparatus. The second wireless communication apparatus includes a receiver that receives the selected modulation scheme from the first wireless communication apparatus, and a transmitter that transmits signals to the first wireless communication apparatus based on the selected modulation scheme which is received by the receiver.

Abstract: Provided is a 3-dimensional confocal microscopy apparatus which is manufactured by combining a confocal microscope and an optical tweezers technique, wherein a pair of lenses for focal plane displacement where one lens is movable in the optical axis direction is arranged between a fixed objective lens and a fluorescent light imaging camera, and the 3-dimensional confocal microscopy apparatus also includes a mean which corrects the aberration of a fluorescent confocal image obtained by the fluorescent imaging camera. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a 3-dimensional confocal microscopy apparatus which can acquire a 3-dimensional image of a specimen during a manipulation of the specimen using optical tweezers without affecting an optical trap.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a three-dimensional polymer-metal complex microstructure including forming a polymer structure by stereolithography using a photocurable resin having a reactive group X and dipping it in a liquid of a metal-containing nanoparticle having a reactive group X? which is bound to the reactive group X, thereby forming a metal-containing layer on the polymer structure through binding the reactive group X and the reactive group X?. According to this method, it is possible to produce a polymer-metal complex structure having a steric structure and to produce a three-dimensional polymer-metal complex microstructure which does not denature biomolecules in a metal complexation process.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system performing wireless communication via a wireless transmission path, a first wireless communication apparatus includes a receiver that receives a wireless signal via a wireless transmission path, a disconnection detector that detects disconnection of a wireless line connected to a second communication apparatus, a modulation controller that selects a modulation scheme, enabling communication under poor conditions in a transmission path, rather than a modulation scheme which has been used in wireless communication, and a transmitter that notifies the modulation scheme selected by the modulation scheme controller to the second wireless communication apparatus. The second wireless communication apparatus includes a receiver that receives the selected modulation scheme from the first wireless communication apparatus, and a transmitter that transmits signals to the first wireless communication apparatus based on the selected modulation scheme which is received by the receiver.

Abstract: Three-dimensional microstereolithographic objects fabricated by microstereolithography are exposed to UV light for one hour to accelerate hardening. The structures are then heated at 175° C. or above for at least 6 hours. The heating temperature may exceed the glass transition temperature, which is the index of thermal softening temperature of materials. The present invention relates to three-dimensional microstructures formed by microstereolithography. Deformation due to a structure's own weight, which generally poses a problem in heat treatment, is reduced with microstructures due to the size effect. As a result, the dimensions of the three-dimensional structure fabricated by the present invention remain almost unchanged before and after the heat treatment.

Abstract: The formation in quantity of various different populations of a substance being studied with multiple combinations of distribution form and distribution density by dripping a suspension of a single concentration of the substance onto a masking member of a certain specified structure placed on a substrate by making use of the sedimentation of said substance.

Abstract: A chemical reaction circuit for cell-free protein synthesis characterized by, as a chemical reaction circuit for synthesizing a protein, having at least one reagent tank for storing a reagent for the protein synthesis and/or a reagent for detecting a product, a unidirectional valve for preventing the reverse-flow of the reagent(s), and a reaction tank connected to the reagent tank(s) via the unidirectional valve. This circuit is usable as a micro reactor whereby cell-free protein synthesis can be carried out.

Abstract: A control method and apparatus for the examination of multiport RAM(s) connected between a CPU on a CPU side and a hardware circuit on a hardware circuit side. The method and apparatus are for use in a device comprising a single RAM or more. For instance, the device may have a first RAM and a second RAM having ports on CPU and a hardware circuit side of the RAMs. Each one port on the CPU side is connected to a CPU. The method and apparatus examine the ports on the hardware circuit as well as the CPU side ports. The method may comprise steps of reading data stored in the first RAM from a port on the hardware circuit of the first RAM and writing the data in the second RAM from the port on the hardware circuit side of the second RAM using a RAM examination controller. The data read from the one port of the first RAM on the CPU side of the RAMs is compared with the data from the other port of the second RAM on the CPU side of the RAMs.

Abstract: A frame synchronization system includes a synchronization detector supplied with a digital signal including frame synchronizing pulses for outputting the digital signal in a frame synchronization state, an adding part for adding a forward guard identification code to the digital signal output from the synchronization detector when a forward guard information is received from the synchronization detector, a first memory for storing the digital signal including the forward guard identification code output from the adding part, a detector for monitoring the digital signal read out from the first memory and for outputting forward guard detection information when the digital signal read out from the first memory includes the forward guard identification code, a second memory for storing the digital signal read out from the first memory in response to a control signal, where the digital signal read out from the second memory is output as an output signal of the frame synchronization system, and a controller for pro