Abstract: A toner which comprises toner particles containing a binder resin, a colorant, a polar resin and a release agent, wherein the binder resin is a styrene polymer, a styrene copolymer, or a mixture of these, and has a weight average molecular weight Mw.sub.1 of from 10,000 to 1,000,000, the polar resin is a polyester resin containing a tetrahydrofuran-soluble matter of which weight average molecular weight Mw.sub.2 is from 7,000 to 50,000 and an ethyl alcohol-soluble matter of which weight average molecular weight Mw.sub.3 is from 1,000 to 7,000, where Mw.sub.2 /Mw.sub.3 is from 1.2 to 10.

Abstract: An image-forming method is disclosed. A color toner image formed on an electrostatic latent image carrier is transferred onto one surface of a transfer material and fixed on the transfer material by a fixing means through heating and melting. An other color toner image formed on the electrostatic latent image carrier is transferred onto an other surface opposite to the color toner-fixed surface of the transfer material and fixed, thereby forming color images fixed on both surfaces of the transfer material. The color toner forming the color images contains toner particles directly obtained by suspension polymerization, and the toner particles contain wax.

Abstract: A color toner for developing an electrostatic image has color toner particles containing a binder resin and a colorant.The color toner particles have been obtained by mixing a mixture containing at least a polymerizable monomer, the colorant and a polymerization initiator to prepare a polymerizable monomer composition, dispersing the polymerizable monomer composition in an aqueous medium to carry out granulation, and polymerizing polymerizable monomers in the aqueous medium.The colorant comprises fine organic pigment particles or fine organic dye particles having an acetic acid adsorption heat in n-heptane of from 0.1 mJ/m.sup.2 to 80 mJ/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image comprises toner particles containing a binder resin, a colorant and a wax. The toner contains polymerizable vinyl monomer or a mixture of organic solvent and polymerizable vinyl monomer in an amount of not more than 1,000 ppm. The toner particles are those obtained by mixing a mixture containing, at least, one or plural kinds of polymerizable vinyl monomer, a styrene-diene copolymer comprised of styrene or a styrene derivative and butadiene or isoprene in a copolymerization weight ratio of from 95:5 to 65:35, the colorant, the wax and a polymerization initiator to prepare a polymerizable monomer composition; dispersing the polymerizable monomer composition in an aqueous medium to carry out granulation; and polymerizing the polymerizable vinyl monomer in the aqueous medium.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic images which comprises a toner particle produced by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer composition,wherein the toner particle contains 0.1-9.0% by weight of a modified polyester resin having one or more monomer units selected from a group consisting of styrene type monomer, acrylic monomer, and methacrylic monomer 16-50% by weight of a wax having a melting point of 50.degree.-95.degree. C., and 0.01-5.0% by weight of a charge controlling agent;the resin component of the toner particle has a weight average molecular weight of 5,000-45,000;and the toner particle has water absorption of 300-5,000 ppm.

Abstract: Mud is taken into a vertical screw conveyor while an inlet device is rotating or without the use of such an inlet device. The mud is sent from the discharge port of the conveyor into a transport pipe. The mud is forcibly sent by a compressed air. Screens are provided to take only the mud into the screw conveyor. Paddles for stirring mud are provided on the vanes of the screw. A check valve and/or a pressure feeder (transport pump) is provided between the discharge port of the conveyor and the transport pipe.

Abstract: A fundus camera includes an objective lens which is movable in a plane perpendicular to the principal optical axis thereof. The camera also includes an optical system comprising four reflecting surfaces which move as the objective lens is moved to compensate for an optical path length, the arrangement being such that a visual axis of an eye being examined can be brought into alignment with the principal optical axis of the objective lens without changing the length of the observation and photographing light path, by means of a movement of only part of the optical system and without moving the entire main body.