Abstract: An ultrasonic surgical instrument includes an ultrasonic transducer configured to vibrate ultrasonically, a probe configured to treat a living tissue by the ultrasonic vibration, a detector configured to detect a pressing force of the probe against the living tissue, a memory configured to store a predetermined value related to a pressing force in accordance with the living tissue, a comparing section configured to compare the pressing force detected by the detector with the predetermined value stored in the memory, and a notification section configured to perform a notification in response to a comparison result obtained by the comparing section.

Abstract: An ultrasonic surgical instrument includes an ultrasonic transducer configured to vibrate ultrasonically, a probe configured to treat a living tissue by the ultrasonic vibration, a detector configured to detect a pressing force of the probe against the living tissue, a memory configured to store a predetermined value related to a pressing force in accordance with the living tissue, a comparing section configured to compare the pressing force detected by the detector with the predetermined value stored in the memory, and a notification section configured to perform a notification in response to a comparison result obtained by the comparing section.

Abstract: An ultrasonic treatment system for a joint has an ultrasonic transducer configured to generate ultrasonic vibration at a predetermined frequency, a treatment unit configured to treat a bone or a cartilage with the ultrasonic vibration, a frequency measurement unit configured to measure the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration of the treatment unit, a calculation unit configured to calculate a tilt indicating change, in a predetermined time, of the frequency measured with the frequency measurement unit, and a controller configured to determine whether change of absolute value of the tilt is equal to or larger than predetermined absolute value of the tilt.

Abstract: An ultrasonic surgical instrument includes an ultrasonic transducer configured to vibrate ultrasonically, a probe configured to treat a living tissue by the ultrasonic vibration, a detector configured to detect a pressing force of the probe against the living tissue, a memory configured to store a predetermined value related to a pressing force in accordance with the living tissue, a comparing section configured to compare the pressing force detected by the detector with the predetermined value stored in the memory, and a notification section configured to perform a notification in response to a comparison result obtained by the comparing section.

Abstract: An ultrasonic treatment system for a joint has an ultrasonic transducer configured to generate ultrasonic vibration at a predetermined frequency, a treatment unit configured to treat a bone or a cartilage with the ultrasonic vibration, a frequency measurement unit configured to measure the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration of the treatment unit, a calculation unit configured to calculate a tilt indicating change, in a predetermined time, of the frequency measured with the frequency measurement unit, and a controller configured to determine whether change of absolute value of the tilt is equal to or larger than predetermined absolute value of the tilt.

Abstract: There is provided an element mapping unit, scanning transmission electron microscope, and element mapping method that enable to acquire an element mapping image very easily. On the scanning transmission electron microscope, the electron beam transmitted through an object to be analyzed enters into the element mapping unit. The electron beam is analyzed of its energy into spectrum by an electron spectrometer and an electron energy loss spectrum is acquired. Because the acceleration voltage data for each element and window data for 2-window method, 3-window method or contrast tuning method are already stored in a database and accordingly the spectrum measurement is carried out immediately even when an element to be analyzed is changed to another, the operator can confirm a two-dimensional element distribution map immediately.

Abstract: There is provided an element mapping unit, scanning transmission electron microscope, and element mapping method that enable to acquire an element mapping image very easily. On the scanning transmission electron microscope, the electron beam transmitted through an object to be analyzed enters into the element mapping unit. The electron beam is analyzed of its energy into spectrum by an electron spectrometer and an electron energy loss spectrum is acquired. Because the acceleration voltage data for each element and window data for 2-window method, 3-window method or contrast tuning method are already stored in a database and accordingly the spectrum measurement is carried out immediately even when an element to be analyzed is changed to another, the operator can confirm a two-dimensional element distribution map immediately.

Abstract: A high pressure phase spinel type sialon represented by the chemical formula Si6−xAlxOxN8−x (0<x≦4.2), and a high pressure phase spinel type silicon oxynitride represented by the chemical formula Si3+xO2xN4 (═Si3N4.xSiO2, 0<x<1). Methods for their production by instantaneous pressing by means of an impulse wave.

Abstract: A high pressure phase spinel type sialon represented by the chemical formula Si6−xAlxOxN8−x (0<x≦4.2), and a high pressure phase spinel type silicon oxynitride represented by the chemical formula Si3+xO2xN4 (═Si3N4.xSiO2, 0<x<1). Methods for their production by instantaneous pressing by means of an impulse wave.

Abstract: An energy filter has a plurality of deflection means and is constructed by using the plural deflection means so that an average track of an electron beam is symmetric and the normal line to a symmetric plane is inclined against an incident direction of the electron beam.

Abstract: A specimen cartridge fashioned of a good thermal conductor, with an outer frame being fashioned of heat insulating material, and with a connecting rod being fashioned of a poor thermal conductor. A temperature distribution of the specimen is uniform and a temperature drift is reduced, with a thermal expansion of a specimen cartridge tilting rod not affecting the tilting angle, thereby making it possible to perform various highly accurate observations and measurements with an electron microscope.