Abstract: An optical filter includes a stationary substrate and a movable substrate disposed so as to be opposed to each other, a first reflecting film disposed on a movable substrate side of the stationary substrate, a second reflecting film disposed on a stationary substrate side of the movable substrate, and opposed to the first reflecting film, a first protective film disposed so as to overlap the first reflecting film, and having a light transmissive property and electrical conductivity, a second protective film disposed so as to overlap the second reflecting film, and having a light transmissive property and electrical conductivity, a first terminal connected to the first protective film, and a second terminal connected to the second protective film. An electrical connection of the first terminal and the second terminal is electrically switchable.

Abstract: A wavelength variable interference filter includes: a first movable mirror disposed on a first substrate; a second movable mirror disposed so as to be opposed to the first movable mirror with a predetermined gap interposed therebetween; and an electrostatic actuator which varies the length of the gap between the mirrors. The first substrate has a first movable portion on which the first movable mirror is disposed, and a first linkage portion which holds the first movable portion in such a manner that the first movable portion can shift in the thickness direction of the substrate. The second substrate has a second movable portion on which the second movable mirror is disposed, and a second linkage portion which holds the second movable portion in such a manner that the second movable portion can shift in the thickness direction of the substrate.

Abstract: An optical filter comprising a first substrate, a second substrate having a support portion which supports the first substrate, a first optical film provided on the first substrate, a second optical film provided on the second substrate and arranged to face the first optical film, a first protective film covering at least the first optical film, a second protective film covering at least the second optical film, a first bonding film, a portion of the first bonding film overlapping a surface of the first protective film in a plan view but does not overlapping the first optical film and a second bonding film, a portion of the second bonding film overlapping a surface of the second protective film in the plan view but does not overlapping the second optical film.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable interference filter includes an electrostatic actuator that changes the dimension of a gap between a fixed reflection film and a movable reflection film, a fixed drawn electrode and a movable drawn electrode that are connected to the electrostatic actuator, and a third substrate having a top surface portion and a sidewall portion. An end surface of the sidewall portion is bonded to a first substrate so that a space surrounded by the top surface portion, the sidewall portion, and the first substrate is hermetically sealed. A second substrate and the electrostatic actuator are disposed in the space, and the fixed drawn electrode and the movable drawn electrode are disposed on the first substrate and extend both inside and outside the space.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable interference filter includes a fixed substrate, a movable substrate facing the fixed substrate, a fixed reflective film provided on the fixed substrate, a movable reflective film provided on the movable substrate and facing the fixed reflective film with an inter-reflective film gap interposed therebetween, a first wiring electrode provided on the fixed substrate, and a first conductive member provided on the fixed substrate. The fixed reflective film is connected to the first wiring electrode through the first conductive member, and the thickness of the first conductive member is less than the thickness of the first wiring electrode.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a variable wavelength interference filter includes forming an electrostatic gap forming groove, a wiring forming groove extending from the electrostatic gap forming groove to an outer peripheral edge of the chip region, and an air communication groove through which the wiring groove forming groove communicates with the outside of the first substrate, in a chip region of a first substrate.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a modified polypropylene composition for forming laminates, which enables prevention of lowering of interlaminar bond strength even in the case where it is subjected to high-speed molding or subjected to stretch molding, and a laminate using the composition and having excellent interlaminar bond properties. The present invention relates to a modified polypropylene composition comprising a propylene-based polymer (A-1), 0 to 45% by weight of a propylene-based polymer (A-2), an ethylene/?-olefin copolymer (B) having a melt flow rate (MFR; ASTM D1238, 230° C., load of 2.16 kg) of 0.01 to 40 g/10 min and a density (ASTM 91505) of not more than 0.900 g/cm3, and a specific amount of modified polypropylene (C) a part or all of which has been graft-modified with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: In the present invention, unlike a conventional circuit, discrimination is not made by integrating a logical code that includes “0” and “1” to some extent and produced from a random code, but repetition of an identical pattern of a well-known preamble signal added to a head portion of a signal is discriminated when a bit-rate of the signal is changed. More specifically, the repetition of the identical pattern is converted into a consecutive identical signal to generate the consecutive identical signal (having a length of tens bits to thousands bits). Although the consecutive identical signal is longer than a same-code continuation length included in the signal, and is shorter than a time constant necessary to the conventional circuit by about one to three digits. Therefore, an integration time can be shortened to the same degree as the generated consecutive identical signal length, and the bit-rate can be discriminated at high speed within a preamble signal receiving time.

Abstract: An etalon (tunable interference filter) includes a fixed substrate, a movable substrate facing the fixed substrate, a fixed reflection film disposed on the fixed substrate, a movable reflection film disposed on the movable substrate and facing the fixed reflection film via a gap, a fixed electrode disposed on the fixed substrate, and a movable electrode disposed on the movable substrate and facing the fixed electrode. A movable insulating film is stacked on a surface of the movable electrode on the side of the fixed electrode, the movable electrode has a compressive stress, and the movable insulating film has a tensile stress.

Abstract: An etalon includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, a fixed mirror provided on a surface of the first substrate that faces the second substrate, a movable mirror provided on the second substrate and facing the fixed mirror via an inter-mirror gap, and a first electrode provided on the surface of the first substrate that faces the second substrate. A first multilayer stopper portion is provided by a portion of the first electrode being stacked with at least a portion of an outer circumferential edge of the fixed mirror.

Abstract: A method for producing a tunable interference filter including a first substrate, a second substrate, a first reflection coating, a second reflection coating, and a gap changing section having a first gap changing section and a second first gap changing section, the method comprising a first substrate production process of forming the first substrate and forming the first reflection coating and the first gap changing section on the first substrate, a second substrate production process of forming the second substrate and forming the second reflection coating and the second gap changing section on the second substrate, and a bonding process of bonding the first substrate and the second substrate in a state in which temperature of the first substrate is higher than temperature of the second substrate after the first substrate production process and the second substrate production process.

Abstract: A wavelength variable interference filter includes: a first movable mirror disposed on a first substrate; a second movable mirror disposed so as to be opposed to the first movable mirror with a predetermined gap interposed therebetween; and an electrostatic actuator which varies the length of the gap between the mirrors. The first substrate has a first movable portion on which the first movable mirror is disposed, and a first linkage portion which holds the first movable portion in such a manner that the first movable portion can shift in the thickness direction of the substrate. The second substrate has a second movable portion on which the second movable mirror is disposed, and a second linkage portion which holds the second movable portion in such a manner that the second movable portion can shift in the thickness direction of the substrate.

Abstract: An optical filter comprising a first substrate, a second substrate having a support portion which supports the first substrate, a first optical film provided on the first substrate, a second optical film provided on the second substrate and arranged to face the first optical film, a first protective film covering at least the first optical film, a second protective film covering at least the second optical film, a first bonding film, a portion of the first bonding film overlapping a surface of the first protective film in a plan view but does not overlapping the first optical film and a second bonding film, a portion of the second bonding film overlapping a surface of the second protective film in the plan view but does not overlapping the second optical film.

Abstract: An interference filter includes two reflective films that are opposed to each other with a gap interposed therebetween and substrates that support the corresponding reflective films. The reflective films each include a pure silver film and a silver alloy film. The pure silver film and the silver alloy film are formed on the corresponding substrate sequentially from the substrate. The silver alloy film is one of an Ag—Sm—Cu alloy film containing silver (Ag), samarium (Sm), and copper (Cu) and an Ag—Bi—Nd alloy film containing silver (Ag), bismuth (Bi), and neodymium (Nd).

Abstract: An interference filter has a fixed mirror and a movable mirror that are formed of Ag—Sm—Cu alloy films that contain silver (Ag), samarium (Sm), and copper (Cu), or Ag—Bi—Nd alloy films that contains silver (Ag), bismuth (Bi), and neodymium (Nd).

Abstract: An interference filter is provided in which a fixed mirror and a movable mirror of the interference filter are selected from an Ag—Au alloy film, an Ag—Cu alloy film, an Ag—Au—Cu alloy film, an Ag—Si—Cu alloy film, an Ag—P—Cu alloy film, an Ag—P—In—Cu alloy film, an Ag—Te—Cu alloy film, an Ag—Ga—Cu alloy film, and an Ag—In—Sn alloy film.

Abstract: A modulation method according to the invention is applied to a modulation device in which a light source is driven by a differential signal while a modulation circuit and the light source are capacitively coupled. In the modulation method of the invention, when an average potential fluctuates at an input terminal of the light source, a potential fluctuation is externally provided using a control circuit such that a normal phase side and a reverse phase side become equal to each other in a time constant of the fluctuation in average potential, and transient states of the average potentials at the normal phase side and reverse phase side are equalized and cancel each other as in-phase components of a signal input to the light source, which allows an optical signal to be normally transmitted from the light source.

Abstract: An electrostatic actuator comprises: a fixed electrode formed on a substrate; a movable electrode placed at an position opposing the fixed electrode via a predetermined gap; a driving unit giving the movable electrode a displacement by generating an electrostatic force between the fixed electrode and the movable electrode: and an insulation film made of HfxAlyOz formed on an opposing surface of at least one of the fixed electrode and the movable electrode.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a variable wavelength interference filter includes forming an electrostatic gap forming groove, a wiring forming groove extending from the electrostatic gap forming groove to an outer peripheral edge of the chip region, and an air communication groove through which the wiring groove forming groove communicates with the outside of the first substrate, in a chip region of a first substrate.

Abstract: In the present invention, unlike a conventional circuit, discrimination is not made by integrating a logical code that includes “0” and “1” to some extent and produced from a random code, but repetition of an identical pattern of a well-known preamble signal added to a head portion of a signal is discriminated when a bit-rate of the signal is changed. More specifically, the repetition of the identical pattern is converted into a consecutive identical signal to generate the consecutive identical signal (having a length of tens bits to thousands bits). Although the consecutive identical signal is longer than a same-code continuation length included in the signal, and is shorter than a time constant necessary to the conventional circuit by about one to three digits. Therefore, an integration time can be shortened to the same degree as the generated consecutive identical signal length, and the bit-rate can be discriminated at high speed within a preamble signal receiving time.