Abstract: A method for preparing fatty acid chlorides. The method comprises reacting a silylation product of a fatty acid comprising at 1east 2 aliphatically unsaturated bonds per molecule and a chlorinating agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a purified retinoid compound characterized by a molecular mass of about 320 daltons and an atomic composition of C.sub.20 H.sub.32 O.sub.3. The present invention also provides a purified retinoid compound having the following structure: ##STR1## wherein the configuration of C7, C9, and C11 double bond independently is Z or E and the absolute configuration at C13 and C14 is independently R or S; wherein R1 is hydroxyl, alkyl, alkyl halide, alcohol, ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, acyl halide, amide, nitrile, or amine; wherein R2 and R3 are independently hydroxyl, halide, alkoxy, ester, alkyl, alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, nitrile, amine, azide, alkyl halide, acid halide, acid azide, or amide; or wherein R2 and R3, or R1 and R2 are replaced by a 13,14-oxirane or a 14,15-oxirane group, respectively.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of inhibiting the growth of cells, of treating a subject having a disease characterized by an uncontrolled growth of cells and of blocking an immune response as well as related inflammatory responses in a subject which comprises administering a compound having the structure: ##STR1##

Abstract: The present invention provides a purified retinoid compound characterized by a molecular mass of about 320 daltons and an atomic composition of C.sub.20 H.sub.32 O.sub.3. The present invention also provides a purified retinoid compound having the structure: ##STR1## wherein the configuration of the C7, C9, and C11 double bond independently is Z or E and the absolute configuration at C13 and C14 is independently R or S; wherein R1 is alkyl, alkyl halide, alcohol, ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, acyl halide, amide, nitrile, or amine; R2 and R3 are independently hydroxyl, halide, alkoxy, ester, alkyl, alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, nitrile, amine, azide, alkyl halide, acid halide, acid azide, or amide; or wherein R2 and R3, or R1 and R2 are replaced by a 13,14-oxirane or a 14,15-oxirane group, respectively.

Abstract: For the first time, certain retinoids with a side chain terminal CH.sub.2 OH group or ester or ether thereof or aldehyde rather than a side chain terminal COOH group and substitution at the 4-position have been indicated to bind to nuclear receptors and to be biologically active in inducing cell differentiation of normal and tumor cells. These compounds activate gene expression through binding to nuclear receptor proteins. These compounds induce differentiation in normal and cancer cells and are useful for treating leukemias, and lymphomas, squamous cell carcinomas, deep (cystic) acne, psoriasis and photodamaged or aging skin. These compounds have stability and in vitro half-life advantages over and solubility differences from all-trans-retinoic acid and activity advantages over 13-cis retinoic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or a branched or unbranched, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl having from two to twenty atoms in the chain, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, methyl, or a branched or unbranched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having from two to twenty atoms in the chain; when R.sub.2 is methyl, R.sub.3 is either hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl; and R.sub.4 is methyl, a branched or unbranched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenynyl, or cycloalkyl having from two to twenty atoms in the chain, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.The invention also concerns a method of preparing the compound from the venom, venom sacs or venom glands of the wasp Philanthus triangulun F. Additionally, the invention provides a method of chemically synthesizing the compound.

Abstract: This invention provides a homogeneous retro-retinoid compound, a method of enhancing the growth of a cell in a vitamin A reduced environment, a method for enhancing transcription of a gene regulated by retinoid in a cell, and a method for enhancing an immune response in a subject, wherein the compound has the structure: ##STR1##

Abstract: This invention provides methods of inhibiting the growth of cells, of treating a subject having a disease characterized by an uncontrolled growth of cells and of blocking an immune response as well as related inflammatory responses in a subject which comprises administering a compound having the structure: ##STR1##

Abstract: This invention provides a purified retro-retinoid compound characterized by a molecular mass of about 302 daltons. Also provided by this invention is a method of enhancing the growth of a cell in a vitamin A reduced environment which comprises contacting the cell with an effective growth enhancing amount of a compound having a structure: ##STR1## wherein the configuration of the C6, C8, C10 and C12 double bond independently is Z or E and the absolute configuration at C-14 is independently R or S; wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl, alkyl halide, alcohol, ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, acid halide, amide, nitrile, or amine; and wherein R.sub.2 is hydroxyl, halide, alkoxy, ester, alkyl, alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, nitrile, amine, azide, alkyl halide, acid halide, acid azide, or amide; or wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are replaced by a 14, 15-oxirane group; and wherein the retro structure is alpha or gamma.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for determining the structure of a carbohydrate sample, comprising perbenzoylating a carbohydrate sample with a perbenzoylating agent to protect free hydroxyl groups in the carbohydrate sample; cleaving the glycosidic linkages of the perbenzoylated carbohydrate sample by contacting the carbohydrate sample with an amount of BrCH.sub.2 COBr/H.sub.2 O effective to cleave the carbohydrate sample; treating the resulting product with AgOAc and methanol or AgOTf/TMU and methanol to effect glycosidation; treating the resulting product with thiourea to remove bromoacetate groups; subjecting the resulting product to effect methoxycinnamoylation of free hydroxyl groups; separating the resulting benzoates with high-pressure liquid chromatography; performing mass, ultraviolet and circular dichroic spectroscopy on the separated benzoates; and comparing the spectra so obtained with reference spectra or calculated values to identify the structure of the carbohydrate.

Abstract: This invention provides a purified retro-retinoid compound characterized by a molecular mass of about 302 daltons. Also provided by this invention is a method of enhancing the growth of a cell in a vitamin A reduced environment which comprises contacting the cell with an effective growth enhancing amount of a compound having a structure: ##STR1## wherein the configuration of the C6, C8, C10 and C12 double bond independently is Z or E and the absolute configuration at C-14 is independently R or S; wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl, alkyl halide, alcohol, ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, acid halide, amide, nitrile, or amine; and wherein R.sub.2 is hydroxyl, halide, alkoxy, ester, alkyl, alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, nitrile, amine, azide, alkyl halide, acid halide, acid azide, or amide; or wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are replaced by a 14, 15-oxirane group; and wherein the retro structure is alpha or gamma.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound having the structure: ##STR1##wherein R comprises a phenethyl, butyl, hexyl or ethyl group.The invention also related to methods of isolating and producing the compound, methods of treating inflammation in a subject and methods of substantially inhibiting the growth of transformed cells in a population of normal and transformed cells.

Abstract: A remote control system comprises a central control station and at least one local station installed remotely from the central control station and connected thereto through a power transmission line. The local station has a plurality to devices connected in parallel to one another at the output. The power for actuating the devices is supplied from the central control station. For controlling actuation of the devices, binary control signals are serially sent from the central control station to the local station through the power transmission line in synchronism with clock pulses in a train including a start pulse. In the local station, the binary control signal are extracted in response to the start signal and converted into parallel control signals by utilizing the clock pulses to be applied to output circuits provided for controlling the devices.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a plurality of electromagnetic valves of manifold type including a parallel-in/serial-out unit for convert parallel control signals for a plurality of electromagnetic valves into a serial control signal and generating a composite control signal including the serial data signal, a start synchronous signal synchronized with the serial data signal and a driving voltage, a synchronous signal receiving circuit arranged on a manifold for generating a start signal in response to the control start synchronous signal supplied from the parallel-in/serial-out unit, a plurality of driver circuits each arranged on respective electromagnetic valves, a first driver circuit receiving said start signal supplied from said synchronous signal receiving circuit to convert the serial control signal into parallel control signals for driving the relevant electromagnetic valves and after driving the electromagnetic valves, said driver circuit producing an end signal, a synchronous signal transmitting circ

Abstract: Physiologically active crystalline products of manufacture having the formulas: ##STR1## are described. These compounds are effective against the toxic venoms of poisonous snakes, spiders and other insects, and against E. coli endotoxins; methods are described for isolation of the above compounds.

Abstract: The compound 4-hydroxyisoxazole and its lower alkyl and acyl derivatives are useful as plant growth regulators, particularly as herbicides.

Abstract: The compound 4-nitroisoxazole is useful as a vasodilator and smooth muscle relaxant.