Abstract: According to an aspect, an electro-optical device includes: a first substrate; a first electrode disposed on the first substrate; a second substrate disposed facing the first substrate; a second electrode disposed on the second substrate and facing the first electrode; and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second electrode includes a plurality of divided electrodes arranged in a first direction. Two divided electrodes adjacent to each other among the divided electrodes are disposed with a slit interposed between the two divided electrodes.

Abstract: A battery state estimation apparatus calculates a measured DC resistance value of a DC resistance based on a current change amount and a voltage change amount, which are calculated in a predetermined period using measured current value and voltage value. The battery state estimation apparatus further calculates (i) a non-temperature dependent constant and (ii) a constant of a temperature dependent function based on (i) an estimated DC resistance value and (ii) the measured DC resistance value. The estimated DC resistance value is an estimated value of the measured DC resistance value; the estimated DC resistance value is represented as a sum of (i) the non-temperature dependent constant Ra, which indicates a temperature independent component of the DC resistance of the secondary battery, and (ii) the temperature dependent function Rb, which indicates a temperature dependent component of the DC resistance of the secondary battery.

Abstract: A battery state estimation apparatus calculates a measured DC resistance value of a DC resistance based on a current change amount and a voltage change amount, which are calculated in a predetermined period using measured current value and voltage value. The battery state estimation apparatus further calculates (i) a non-temperature dependent constant and (ii) a constant of a temperature dependent function based on (i) an estimated DC resistance value and (ii) the measured DC resistance value. The estimated DC resistance value is an estimated value of the measured DC resistance value; the estimated DC resistance value is represented as a sum of (i) the non-temperature dependent constant Ra, which indicates a temperature independent component of the DC resistance of the secondary battery, and (ii) the temperature dependent function Rb, which indicates a temperature dependent component of the DC resistance of the secondary battery.

Abstract: A power supply system is provided with a secondary battery, a memory unit, a calculation unit and a SOC characteristics acquiring unit. The memory unit stores initial characteristics data having a relationship between the open circuit voltage and the capacity for the secondary battery before being deteriorated. The calculation unit utilizes the initial characteristics data to calculate a deteriorated characteristics data which is a relationship between the open circuit voltage and the capacity of the deteriorated secondary battery. The SOC characteristics acquiring unit acquires the relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge of the deteriorated secondary battery by dividing the capacity value included in the deteriorated characteristics data by the fully charged capacity of the deteriorated secondary battery.

Abstract: A battery state estimating device estimates a battery state in a battery module having a plurality of secondary batteries. The battery state estimating device is configured to be able to change a number of targets which is a number of the secondary batteries subject to estimation of the battery state of the secondary battery based on a specific value acquired from the plurality of secondary batteries, or the battery state estimating device is configured to be able to change a calculation formula for estimating the battery state of the battery to a calculation formula with a small calculation load.

Abstract: A battery state estimating device periodically estimates a battery state of a secondary battery. The battery state estimating device has a current amount acquiring section, a threshold amount memory, a current amount comparing section, a cycle setting section, and a battery state estimating section. The current amount acquiring section acquires a current amount flowing in the secondary battery. At least one current threshold amount is stored in advance in the threshold amount memory. The current amount comparing section compares the current amount acquired by the current amount acquiring section with the current threshold amount stored in the threshold amount memory. The cycle setting section sets an estimation cycle for estimating the state of the secondary battery based on this comparison result. The battery state estimating section periodically estimates the battery state of the secondary battery based on the estimation cycle set by the cycle setting section.

Abstract: A power supply system is provided with a secondary battery, a memory unit, a calculation unit and a SOC characteristics acquiring unit. The memory unit stores initial characteristics data having a relationship between the open circuit voltage and the capacity for the secondary battery before being deteriorated. The calculation unit utilizes the initial characteristics data to calculate a deteriorated characteristics data which is a relationship between the open circuit voltage and the capacity of the deteriorated secondary battery. The SOC characteristics acquiring unit acquires the relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge of the deteriorated secondary battery by dividing the capacity value included in the deteriorated characteristics data by the fully charged capacity of the deteriorated secondary battery.

Abstract: An electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes: a core part including at least one of an inorganic oxide and a carbon-composite inorganic composite oxide; and a shell part for carbon coating on the core part. The electrode active material has a specific surface area of 6.0 m2/g or more. The electrode active material has a moisture content of 400 ppm or less, which is measured by a Karl Fischer method such that the electrode active material is heated in a heat-evaporating manner, and continuously maintained at 250° C. for 40 minutes without exposing to an atmosphere after the electrode active material is exposed to the atmosphere to absorb moisture to be saturated.

Abstract: An electrode includes an electrode material, which includes: a core part made of an active substance having a polyanion structure having Mn; and a shell part obtained by covering a surface of the core part with carbon. In addition, an amount of water, as measured by Karl Fischer's method when the electrode is held at 250° C. for 40 minutes after adsorbed water is volatilized by heating, is 1500 ppm or less.

Abstract: A power source apparatus for supplying power to a load includes a switch and a controller. The controller detects voltage applied to the switch. The controller further switches a state of the switch from OFF to ON when the detected voltage is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A battery state estimating device periodically estimates a battery state of a secondary battery. The battery state estimating device has a current amount acquiring section, a threshold amount memory, a current amount comparing section, a cycle setting section, and a battery state estimating section. The current amount acquiring section acquires a current amount flowing in the secondary battery. At least one current threshold amount is stored in advance in the threshold amount memory. The current amount comparing section compares the current amount acquired by the current amount acquiring section with the current threshold amount stored in the threshold amount memory. The cycle setting section sets an estimation cycle for estimating the state of the secondary battery based on this comparison result. The battery state estimating section periodically estimates the battery state of the secondary battery based on the estimation cycle set by the cycle setting section.

Abstract: A battery state estimating device estimates a battery state in a battery module having a plurality of secondary batteries. The battery state estimating device is configured to be able to change a number of targets which is a number of the secondary batteries subject to estimation of the battery state of the secondary battery based on a specific value acquired from the plurality of secondary batteries, or the battery state estimating device is configured to be able to change a calculation formula for estimating the battery state of the battery to a calculation formula with a small calculation load.

Abstract: A power source apparatus for supplying power to a load includes a switch and a controller. The controller detects voltage applied to the switch. The controller further switches a state of the switch from OFF to ON when the detected voltage is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A lithium-ion battery includes a cathode active material of the Olivine-type crystal structure. The lithium-ion battery is charged under control of a charging control apparatus, which performs a charging process for charging up to a target voltage according to a constant-current and constant-voltage charging method, a negative-electrode potential evaluation process for evaluating a potential change quantity at the negative-electrode, and a voltage setting process for setting the target voltage to a lower voltage based on the potential change quantity of the negative-electrode evaluated by the negative-electrode potential evaluation process. The charging voltage is changed from the target voltage to the set voltage even when the negative-electrode potential changes with an increase in the number of charging and aging deterioration. Thus a positive-electrode potential is suppressed from rising because of less susceptibility to the increase in number of charging and aging deterioration.

Abstract: An electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes: a core part including at least one of an inorganic oxide and a carbon-composite inorganic composite oxide; and a shell part for carbon coating on the core part. The electrode active material has a specific surface area of 6.0 m2/g or more. The electrode active material has a moisture content of 400 ppm or less, which is measured by a Karl Fischer method such that the electrode active material is heated in a heat-evaporating manner, and continuously maintained at 250° C. for 40 minutes without exposing to an atmosphere after the electrode active material is exposed to the atmosphere to absorb moisture to be saturated.

Abstract: A cathode active material of the present invention is a cathode active material having a composition represented by General Formula (1) below, LiFe1?xMxP1?ySiyO4??(1), where: an average valence of Fe is +2 or more; M is an element having a valence of +2 or more and is at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Y, and Al; the valence of M is different from the average valence of Fe; 0<x?0.5; and y=x×({valence of M}?2)+(1?x)×({average valence of Fe}?2). This provides a cathode active material that not only excels in terms of safety and cost but also can provide a long-life battery.

Abstract: An electrode includes an electrode material, which includes: a core part made of an active substance having a polyanion structure having Mn; and a shell part obtained by covering a surface of the core part with carbon. In addition, an amount of water, as measured by Karl Fischer's method when the electrode is held at 250° C. for 40 minutes after adsorbed water is volatilized by heating, is 1500 ppm or less.

Abstract: A positive electrode active substance including a lithium-containing metal oxide represented by the following general formula (1): LiFe1-xMxP1-ySiyO4??(1) wherein M represents an element selected from Sn, Zr, Y, and Al; 0<x<1; and 0<y<1, wherein the lithium-containing metal oxide has a lattice constant and a half value width of a diffraction peak of a (011) plane.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode active material which is superior in safety and cost and makes it possible to provide a nonaqueous secondary battery having a long life. The cathode active material has a composition represented by the following formula (1): LiMn1-xMxP1-yAlyO4??(1) (wherein M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Zr, Sn and Y, x is in a range of 0<x?0.5, and y is in a range of 0<y?0.25).

Abstract: A cathode active material of the present invention is a cathode active material having a composition represented by General Formula (1) below, LiFe1-xMxP1-ySiyO4??(1), where: an average valence of Fe is +2 or more; M is an element having a valence of +2 or more and is at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Y, and Al; the valence of M is different from the average valence of Fe; 0<x?0.5; and y=x×({valence of M}?2)+(1?x)×({average valence of Fe}?2). This provides a cathode active material that not only excels in terms of safety and cost but also can provide a long-life battery.