Abstract: A permeability evaluation method for evaluating permeability of heavy metal ions through a specimen, comprising a step of, in a state in which a first liquid containing heavy metal ions and a second liquid containing water and an organic solvent are separated by a specimen, applying a voltage between a positive electrode provided on the side of the first liquid and a negative electrode provided on the side of the second liquid and measuring the value of the current flowing between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the specimen contains an insulating material used in semiconductor production, and the heavy metal ion concentration of the first liquid is 0.5 mg/kg or more.

Abstract: A permeability evaluation method for evaluating permeability of heavy metal ions through a specimen, comprising a step of, in a state in which a first liquid containing heavy metal ions and a second liquid containing water and an organic solvent are separated by a specimen, applying a voltage between a positive electrode provided on the side of the first liquid and a negative electrode provided on the side of the second liquid and measuring the value of the current flowing between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the specimen contains an insulating material used in semiconductor production, and the heavy metal ion concentration of the first liquid is 0.5 mg/kg or more.

Abstract: An intake system for an engine is disclosed in which an inlet passageway for one cylinder includes a common inlet passageway and first and second branch inlet passages having a branch portion at a downstream side of the common inlet passageway, said first branch inlet passage communicating with a first inlet port and said second branch inlet passage communicating with a second inlet port; said first inlet port having an opening for the cylinder and being designed to allow air to be admitted into the cylinder in a direction in which the air swirls therein, and said second inlet port having an opening therefor and being designed to cause air to be admitted thereinto in a direction it disturbs formation of such swirls; and said inlet passageway being provided at its inner wall portion with a wall member for deflecting air admitted from the common inlet passageway toward the first branch inlet passage.