Abstract: A wisdom ring puzzle includes: a stage; a first ring unit positioned in a first direction with respect to the stage; a second ring unit positioned in the first direction with respect to the first ring unit; a first pole and a second pole connected to the second ring unit and connected to the stage through the inner side of the first ring unit. The first pole is connected to the first ring unit, extends in the first direction from the first ring unit, turns and extends in a second direction opposite to the first direction, is connected to the stage passing through the inner side of the first ring unit, and passes through the inner side of the second ring unit at a side of the first direction of the first ring unit.

Abstract: A wisdom ring puzzle including: a stage; a first ring unit positioned in a first direction with respect to the stage; a second ring unit positioned in the first direction with respect to the first ring unit; a third ring unit positioned in the first direction with respect to the second ring unit; a first pole connected to the first ring unit and the stage, and passing through an inner side of the second ring unit and an inner side of the third ring unit; a second pole connected to the second ring unit and connected to the stage through an inner side of the first ring unit; and a third pole connected to the third ring unit and connected to the stage crossing over an outer side of the first ring unit and an outer side of the second ring unit.

Abstract: A wisdom ring puzzle including: a stage; a first ring unit positioned in a first direction with respect to the stage; a second ring unit positioned in the first direction with respect to the first ring unit; a third ring unit positioned in the first direction with respect to the second ring unit; a first pole connected to the first ring unit and the stage, and passing through an inner side of the second ring unit and an inner side of the third ring unit; a second pole connected to the second ring unit and connected to the stage through an inner side of the first ring unit; and a third pole connected to the third ring unit and connected to the stage crossing over an outer side of the first ring unit and an outer side of the second ring unit.

Abstract: A wisdom ring puzzle includes: a stage; a first ring unit positioned in a first direction with respect to the stage; a second ring unit positioned in the first direction with respect to the first ring unit; a first pole and a second pole connected to the second ring unit and connected to the stage through the inner side of the first ring unit. The first pole is connected to the first ring unit, extends in the first direction from the first ring unit, turns and extends in a second direction opposite to the first direction, is connected to the stage passing through the inner side of the first ring unit, and passes through the inner side of the second ring unit at a side of the first direction of the first ring unit.

Abstract: The wisdom ring puzzle includes a first member and a second member being an annular member, the first member including a connection post, a first small ring, a second small ring, and a first large ring, and a disconnection prevention part, a first post, and a second post sequentially provided to extend from the connection post toward a substantially same direction, the first post including a first ring catching part, the second post including a second ring catching part, the first small ring swingably caught in the first post by the first ring catching part, the second small ring and the first large ring swingably caught in the second post by the second ring catching part, the disconnection prevention part passing through the first small ring and the first large ring, the first post passing through the second small ring.

Abstract: A wisdom ring puzzle includes a base, a three-dimensional structure including a columnar structure and a first structure having an arched structure or an annular structure, and a member having an annular structure. The columnar structure has a first connection member and a first annular member. The columnar structure and the first structure are provided to face each other in a side view. The first connection member passes through the first structure and has one end connected to the columnar structure and another end to the first annular member. The columnar structure and the first structure is included inside a ring of the first annular member.

Abstract: A wisdom ring puzzle includes a base, a three-dimensional structure including a columnar structure and a first structure having an arched structure or an annular structure, and a member having an annular structure. The columnar structure has a first connection member and a first annular member. The columnar structure and the first structure are provided to face each other in a side view. The first connection member passes through the first structure and has one end connected to the columnar structure and another end to the first annular member. The columnar structure and the first structure is included inside a ring of the first annular member.

Abstract: The wisdom ring puzzle includes a first member and a second member being an annular member, the first member including a connection post, a first small ring, a second small ring, and a first large ring, and a disconnection prevention part, a first post, and a second post sequentially provided to extend from the connection post toward a substantially same direction, the first post including a first ring catching part, the second post including a second ring catching part, the first small ring swingablly caught in the first post by the first ring catching part, the second small ring and the first large ring swingablly caught in the second post by the second ring catching part, the disconnection prevention part passing through the first small ring and the first large ring, the first post passing through the second small ring.

Abstract: Provided is a carbonate ester purification apparatus including a treatment part for mixing a first solution containing a carbonate ester and an acidic substance with an alcohol solution of a metal alcoholate to obtain a mixed solution containing a reaction product of the acidic substance and the metal alcoholate, a separation part for removing a metal salt contained in the reaction product from the mixed solution to obtain a second solution, and a distillation part for removing a component from the second solution, the component different in boiling point from the carbonate ester to obtain a carbonate ester solution, wherein a content of the metal alcoholate in the alcohol solution is 5 to 18 mass %.

Abstract: A carbonate ester purification apparatus including a first distillation column in which an alcohol and a first solution containing a carbonate ester and formaldehyde, or a first solution containing a carbonate ester, formaldehyde and an alcohol is supplied to obtain a distillate containing the formaldehyde and the alcohol from a column top part while obtaining a carbonate ester solution with a lower content of formaldehyde than in the first solution from a column bottom part, a reactor having a catalyst for producing an acetal and/or a hemiacetal by reacting the formaldehyde to the alcohol and a reflux part refluxing a fluid containing the acetal and/or the hemiacetal to the first distillation column.

Abstract: Provided is a carbonate ester purification apparatus including a treatment part for mixing a first solution containing a carbonate ester and an acidic substance with an alcohol solution of a metal alcoholate to obtain a mixed solution containing a reaction product of the acidic substance and the metal alcoholate, a separation part for removing a metal salt contained in the reaction product from the mixed solution to obtain a second solution, and a distillation part for removing a component from the second solution, the component different in boiling point from the carbonate ester to obtain a carbonate ester solution, wherein a content of the metal alcoholate in the alcohol solution is 5 to 18 mass %.

Abstract: A carbonate ester purification apparatus including a first distillation column in which an alcohol and a first solution containing a carbonate ester and formaldehyde, or a first solution containing a carbonate ester, formaldehyde and an alcohol is supplied to obtain a distillate containing the formaldehyde and the alcohol from a column top part while obtaining a carbonate ester solution with a lower content of formaldehyde than in the first solution from a column bottom part, a reactor having a catalyst for producing an acetal and/or a hemiacetal by reacting the formaldehyde to the alcohol and a reflux part refluxing a fluid containing the acetal and/or the hemiacetal to the first distillation column.

Abstract: A process is described for forming semiconductor device which include forming step of coating of silicon oxide derivative before ion implanting step: The coating prevents unnecessary extention of channel stop regions thus produces high speed and high current drive ability of produced semiconductor device.